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The Southern Fanner's 
Guide. 



What, How and When to Plant in the South 



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For Profit. 



PREPARED FOR THE LATIT 



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BOL]OUOUOt£OliOeOi£yk2!iik£yiuOISOIuiOBOBOQy£:OlL20BOBOBOBOBOBOBOBOBO 

ARKANSAS DEMOCRAT CO., LITTLE ROCK. 




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G. F. Baucum, President. M. H. JOHNSON, Cashier. 

W. E. ToBEY, Vice President. R. O. Hopkins, Ass't Cashier 

BANK OF LITTLE ROCK, 

LITTLE ROCK, ARK. 



OiVt^ITArv P*A.ID, ^300,000.00. 



.WE SOLICIT YOUR BUSINESS AND INVITE CORRESPONDENCE. 



IDIPiElCrrOPiS : 

G. F. BAUCUM, President. M. H. JOHNSON, Cvshiek. 

W. T. WILSON, W. E. TOBEY, 

of \V. T. & R. J. Wilson, Wholesale Grocers. ^ President Carl & Tobey Co., Wholesale Grocers. 

D. G. FONES, ] JOHN S. MAJOR. 

President Fones Brothers Hardware Company. j Treasurer Kearney Lumber Company. 

J. H. McCarthy, [ CHAS. N. fowler, New York, 

of J. H. McCarthy & Co., Cotton Factors. % B. J. BROWN, Capitalist. 

MAXWELL COFFIN, CHAS. S. STIFFT, 

of Coffin & Ragland, Bankers and Brokers. Wholesale and Retail Jewelry. 



FURNITURE, CARPETS, Etc. 



We are headquarters in Arkansas for 
any and everything in the above line 

SEND US YOUR NAME 



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and will prepay the Freight Charges to your nearest railroad 
station on all orders amounting to $10.00 and over. 

Arkansas Carpet and Furniture Co. 

Menlicn this Pamphlet. LITTLE ROCK, ARK. 



The Soathern 
palmer's Guide 



CUhat, Hocu and CXihen to 
Plant for Profit in 



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(aiir©®ei iiQeeg. 



FARMS •:• AND •:• HOMES 

IN ARKANSAS. 



Two Million Acres 

Farming, Grazing, 

Fruit, Timbered 

and Mineral Land 

SOLD IN TRACTS TO SUIT PURCHASERS. 

Mild Climate, Variety of Products, 

Low Prices, Low Interest. 

EASY TERMS. 



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St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern, and Little Rock & Ft. Snnith Ry's 

LiITTIiH ROCK. ARKflNSflS. 

Copyright iSqs h E. M. PHILLIPS. All Rights Reserved. • 






Si,, 




INTRODUCTORY. 



MANY farmers are now leaving the Northern 
) y^ States and finding homes in the South, where 
conditions of soil, climate and products differ so 
greatly from those they have been used to, it has seemed best 
to publish this little volume for their benefit, hoping also that 
they may, by mailing it to their friends and relatives who have 
not yet started on their pilgrimage, induce them to come to 
this goodly Southland, 

The State of Arkansas has a population, according to the 
census of 1890, of about 24 persons to the square mile, Massa- 
chusetts having 278 and England 550. This State has as 
small, if not a smaller, percentage of waste lands than either of 
these countries, and is fully able to sustain as dense a popula- 
tion. It is, therefore, true that there is plenty of room here yet 
for thousands upon tens of thousands of good people and their 
families. 

This is an inviting land to come to. The immigrant will not 
have to suffer here many of the hardships which confront him in 



the States of the West and Northwest, Here he will find water 
plentiful and excellent, rains seasonable, irrigation unnecessary, 
winters short, summers delightful. Here timber for building, 
fencing and fuel is abundant, and the immigrant can build his 
own house with his own materials, even to the foundations, root 
cellars and chimneys, for good building stone is found in almost 
every county. Here failures of crops are virtually unknown, 
and with fruits and vegetables in plentiful supply, and pasturage 
for his cattle with small expense the year round, the incomer 
may lead a joyful life. 

The experience of the writer, who came here from Illinois 
twenty-five years ago, and of thousands of others who have re- 
sided here for many years, has proved this to be an exception- 
ally healthful climate. 

To such, then, as have lately come to this State, or who 
are investigating the question of migration hitherward ; who 
are tired of cold winters, blizzards and drouths, this book is 
respectfully dedicated ; the design being to show what has been 
and what can be done here in the way of good and profitable 
farming, stock raising and horticulture. 




.... GRASSES .... 
AND OTHER FORAGE CROPS FOR ARKANSAS. 

The cultivation of grasses, both for hay and pasturage, is 
considered by all the prominent agricultural authorities of 
America and Europe as at the very foundation of good farming. 

The South is eminently a grass country. Arkansas has 
over 150 varieties of native grasses, and all the cultivated grasses 
of the North do excellently well here; and here too other excel- 
lent varieties that cannot be grown at the North, thrive and are 
exceedingly profitable. 

BERMUDA GRASS. 

As a permanent pasture grass at the South, Bermuda is 
unexcelled. It furnishes an abundance of rich, sugary herbage 
of which cattle, horses, hogs and sheep are very fond. 

The method of propagation is very simple and inexpen- 
sive. Small pieces of the plant are dropped 3 or 4 feet apart 
on land that has been plowed and harrowed, and pressed in 
with the foot. Another plan is to cut the Bermuda sod up fine 
in a hay cutter, and scatter it over the ground, rolling or har- 
rowing it in. It will cover the ground with a strong sod, and 
when once established it is permanent; close grazing or tramp- 
ing will not kill it. When the ground is damp in the spring or 
fall, is of course, the best time to plant. 

It affords a vast amount of the best of pasturage for nine 
months in the year; and while it is not considered a hay grass, 
on good soil it grows tall enough to cut for that purpose, and 
will yield 5 tons of hay in a season. It is a much more profit- 
able grass, either for pasturage or hay, than timothy, as it is 



6 The Southern Farmer'' s Guide. 

perennial, costs nothing for seeding, and yields a greater ton- 
nage when cut. On a dairy- or stock farm, it is almost invalu- 
able at the South. 

JOHNSON GRASS. 

FAVORABLE AND UNFAVORABLE POINTS. 

This is one of the most wonderful hay grasses of the 
world. It grows from 8 to lo feet tall, and can be propagated 
either from the roots or from seed. It should be cut when 
half grown. Being a member of the sorghum family, it has a 
sweet juice and stock are exceedingly fond of it. It is a very 
fattening and healthful food, keeping stock in prime condition. 

It can be cut profitably four or five times in a season, yield- 
ing from 6 to lO tons per acre, according to the richness of 
the soil, and the hay should bring as good price in the market 
as timothy, as government experiment tests show it to be richer 
in fat and flesh producing elements than timothy hay. 

It is a perennial grass, like the Bermuda, and when once 
established all expense and care of it ceases, excepting as to 
cutting and curing of the hay. Getting fodder in this way is 
much easier and less expensive than "pulling corn fodder." A 
big barn full of Johnson hay can be secured at less cost than it 
takes to pull, tie up and stack 200 bundles of corn fodder; and 
a barn full of Johnson hay means fat calves, cattle and horses 
in the spring. We advise all our Southern farmers to try a 
few acres of this wonderful and easily grown forage plant. 

A few words of caution should be added. It should not 
be sown and left to ripen its seed so that it can spread itself by 
this means where it is not wanted, for once in the ground it is 
very hard to eradicate. It will take the entire farm if allowed 
to seed itself. It is best not to sow it close up to fences, where 
it can get into fence corners, go to seed and catch over in the next 
lot. Better leave a belt of land 20 or 30 feet wide all around the 
patch next to the fence and plant that in corn or field peas — 
anything that will keep the Johnson grass out of the fence corners. 



The Southern Farmer' s Guide. y 

These two grasses (Bermuda and Johnson grass) will sup- 
ply the Southern farmers with abundant and excellent pasturage 
and hay, but if a diversity of feed is desired, or fine hay to sell 
at a good price in some town near by, put a few acres into 

ALFALFA. 

It is a mistake to suppose that this valuable food plant will 
only thrive in California or Colorado, where it can be irrigated. 
It grows splendidly in Arkansas wherever the land is rich, or is 
made rich by fertilizers, and is thoroughly and deeply plowed 
and pulverized by harrowing. 

This plant should never be pastured, but cut and cured, or 
fed green, and should not even be cut the first year, as the great 
thing is to secure a good stand ; after it is once established it is 
good for twenty years, and will yield from 5 to 10 tons of hay, 
or 30 tons of green feed, per acre; and one acre will keep five 
horses, mules or cows in prime condition the year round, or will 
feed and fatten as many hogs as 3 acres of average corn. It 
should not be sown in a shady place — it likes sunshine — neither 
should a wet and poorly drained piece of ground be selected. 

In order to secure a good stand, drill in the seed in rows 
18 inches apart, early in the spring, and keep it clean with 
small horse hoe or cultivator. After the first season it will 
take care of itself, and is ready for use very early in the spring 
and can be cut three or four times each year; but it is best to 
leave a good growth on the ground in the fall, to act as a win- 
ter protection. 

Ten pounds of seed are sufificient to sow per acre, and should 
cost from 10 to 15 cents per pound, according to quantity 
bought. It can be bought in St. Louis. See the advertisement 
of the Plant Seed Company in this book. 

THE COWPEA. 

This Southern fodder plant has great value in several ways. 
It furnishes a heavy growth of green feed of a highly nitroge- 



8 The Southern Farmer' s Guide. 

nous character, and with care to prevent its heating and mould- 
ing, can be cured, forming an excellent hay for neat cattle. 

Two crops will mature on the same ground in one season 
in the South. The peas (or beans rather, for it belongs to the 
bean family) are a valuable food for man or beast. 

As a fertilizer, to be plowed under, either green or dry, 
this plant is not surpassed by clover or any other known vege- 
table growth ; even the roots which remain in the ground after 
each crop is harvested, contribute to the fertilization of the soil; 
and this plant can be profitably grown after oats or wheat, to 
better the condition of the land for the next season's crops. 

At the United States Experiment Sub-station, at Newport, 
Ark., it was found that cowpea vines, with pods on the vines, 
plowed under, increased the yield of wheat over 250 per cent 
above unmanured land, while vines with the pods off increased 
it 200 per cent, and cowpea roots alone 100 per cent. As it 
takes two years to grow a crop of red clover suitable to plow 
under, while two crops of cowpeas can be grown in one, the 
great value of this plant as a fertilizing crop is apparent. 

THE COWPEA. 

The only drawback to the use of cowpea hay as fodder, 
has been the difificulty found in curing it without having it heat 
and mould. If thoroughly sun dried, the stems are hardened, 
and the mature pods are broken off and lost. Dews also dam- 
age the hay, and the leaves, the jnost important part of the 
plant excepting the peas, drop off. 

To overcome these diflficulties, Professor R. L. Bennett, of 
the United States Experiment Station, at Fayetteville, Ark., has 
devised a "stack frame for curing and storing cowpea hay." By 
the courtesy of Professor Bennett we are allowed to present here 
the cut which he had made of this device and to give the fol- 
lowing abridged description: 

The plan of construction is a series of open shelves ar- 
ranged one above the other. The shelves are made of fence 



The Southern Partner'' s Guide. g 

rails placed 12 inches apart, their ends resting on horizontal sup- 
ports. The supports are nailed 2 feet apart to upright posts 
put with one end securely in the ground. Strips 1x4, with one 
end resting on the ground, are nailed diagonally to the horizon- 
tal supports for braces. They are essential to prevent the 
frame from inclining, and for supporting and holding in place 
the ends of the horizontal pieces. 

The length of the stack frame can be increased indefinitely 
by erecting frames similar to the one shown, in the front end of 




the stack and distant from each other the length of a fence rail, 
or whatever is used. These cross frames can be made on the 
ground and then set in place. The sides of the stack must be 
perpendicular, since pea vines will not turn water. To give the 
top the proper pitch to turn water, the top shelf is made nar- 
rower than the shelf below by leaving out the side rails, as 
shown in the cut. SuflBcient straw or grass hay should be used 
for covering, and it must be made to project over the edges of 
the first wide shelf so as to turn all the water off the sides of the 



10 The Southern Fartner' s Guide. 

frame. The dimensions used were as follows: width, lo feet 
(made so because the planks used were already cut that length) ; 
length, three fence rails, each fence rail ii feet. Shelves or 
floors 2 feet apart. Rails placed 12 inches apart on the hori- 
zontal supports. Capacity 4 tons dry hay; 5 tons if covered 
with tarpaulin. 

STACKING THE HAY. 

The first floor of rails is put about 12 inches apart on the 
horizontal supports and one man unloads the hay from the 
wagon while another places it. When hay has been put evenly 
on until it is a few inches above the place for the next floor, the 
second set of rails is put in place. They press down the hay, 
but as it dries it settles, leaving a space. This process is re- 
peated until all the floors are laid and filled, and the hay cov- 
ering, or tarpaulin or boards, are in place on the top. 

When feeding, remove the hay first from the lower floors, 
leaving the top covering in place until the last. 

Small poles, taking up less space, and longer ones, can be 
used and the number of cross frames lessened. 

If tarpaulin cover is used, a ton or more of the grass hay 
for topping out can be saved, and this will more than pay the 
cost of the cloth covers the first year. A permanent roof of 
boards can be used ; and in that case, instead of using the di- 
agonal braces, posts similar to the middle one can be used and 
the ends of the horizontal supports nailed to them. The mid- 
dle posts can then be taller to support the comb of the roof, 
while the eaves would be supported by the outside posts. 

SORGHUM. 

One great feature in the South about the raising of sorghum 
is the fact that it can be successfully grown as a second crop. 
It need not be planted until the middle to 20th of May, and a 
crop of early Irish potatoes worth say $150 per acre, can be 
grown and marketed by that date. Then sorghum can go right 

For RAILROAD LANDS at JLOW PUICES See A<ivertisement on Page 3. 



The Southern Farmer'' s Guide. ii 

in on the same ground ; it will mature in August and can be 
followed by a crop of cowpeas that will be fully ripe before frost. 
The government experiments with sorghum juice in Kan- 
sas and other States, prove that 1,875 pounds of sugar and 10 
gallons of syrup can be produced from an average acre of good 
sorghum. The farmer's account with his acre of land will stand 
at the end of the year thus upon the credit side: 

Irish potatoes $150.00 

1,875 pounds sugar at 4^ cents 84.38 

10 gallons molasses at 40 cents 4.00 

4 tons fodder at $5 20.00 

25 bushels sorghum seed saved from first cutting at 50 cents 12.50 

Loose fodder and strippings from first crop, one ton 5.00 

$275.88 

No account is here taken of the value of the cowpeas or of 
the bagasse, which can be used as fuel or a fertilizer. From 
the gross proceeds must of course be taken the cost of pro- 
duction, milling, etc., but it is easy to see that in this plant the 
South has a very paying crop when handled in the proposed 
manner, with potatoes as a first crop and cowpeas or turnips as 
a final crop. This arrangement is not possible at the North, 
the growing season not being long enough. 

We quote from United States Commissioner Coleman, in 
regard to the new process for making sugar from sorghum, 
as follows : 

"The experiments consist in the trial of a new process in 
making sugar in this country, which dispenses entirely with the 
costly and ponderous mills and steam engines, etc., and uses a 
far simpler and less expensive method of extracting the juice, 
by which all the saccharine matter is obtained, while by the 
former method, from 30 to 40 per cent on the average of the 
juice, even with the Southern sugar cane, is left in the cane 
after passing through the mill, and with sorghum a still greater 
quantity because of greater difficulty in extracting. * * * 
A yield of 15 tons of cane to the acre was being secured, which 
would produce, by this new process, 1,500 to 1,800 pounds of 
sugar. This sugar is worth by the carload 5/^ cents per pound 
at present ( 1890). 



12 The Southern Farmer'' s Guide. 

A complete sugar factory will cost about as much as a 
flouring mill, and can be run at a great profit, according to the 
present experiments." 

This opens a most promising field for both the farmer and 
the capitalist, especially as it is well known that our Southern 
sugar plants are all richer in saccharine properties than those 
grown at the North. 

SORGHUM FODDER. 

Sorghum raised exclusively as a fodder crop can hardly be 
outclassed by any other plant; yielding as it does 8 to 9 
tons to the acre of the best of sweet nourishing fodder, 4 to 
5 tons the first crop or cutting, and a like amount the second. 
These cuttings should both be made before the cane gets hard 
and woody. Sorghum is a much better fodder plant than corn 
as it yields two crops or cuttings, corn only one. It produces 
double as much forage, and is more easily cured than corn 
fodder. Amber cane is the best variety for this purpose, and 
should be sown early in May or as soon as all danger from frost 
is gone. Plow and work the ground well and sow i bushel 
of seed broadcast per acre, and cut as soon as the heads begin 
to form. On fair land it will grow 6 or 7 feet tall, and on rich 
land twice or three times that height. It furnishes a most ex- 
cellent feed for cows, and increases both the flow and quality of 
milk. Sorghum grows rapidly, chokes out weeds, and puts the 
ground in excellent condition for the next season's crops. 

ARTICHOKES FOR HOGS, SHEEP, ETC. 

This plant, commonly known as the Jerusalem artichoke, 
{Hclianthus tuberostis) is one of the easiest fodder plants to 
raise, yields immensely, and does excellently in this part of the 
South. From 600 to 800 bushels are produced on good land 
per acre, and hogs and sheep are very fond of this food, the 
former digging them themselves. 

They are grown from root sets the same as potatoes. 

For RAILROAD LANDS at LOW PRICES See Ailveitisemeiit on Page 8. 



The Southern Farmer's Guide. JJ 

Plant and cultivate them as you would potatoes, the rows 
4 feet apart running north and south, and set from 2 to 3 
feet apart in the rows. Eight to ten bushels of the tubers plant 
an acre, and cost from $i to $1.50 per bushel at the seed stores. 
They will grow on almost any kind of soil, but of course do 
better on good, rich land. The stalks also, if cut and cured 
before frost, make excellent and ample fodder, and all kinds of 
stock — horses, mules, cattle, sheep and hogs are very fond of it. 

Artichokes are a good crop for orchard growth, if not 
placed too close to the trees. Pigs can be turned in and will 
cultivate the ground thoroughly while finding the tubers. At 
the end of the year, put on a top-dressing of manure, harrow 
down smooth and the small roots left in the ground are ample 
seed for the next year's crop. Hogs thrive on this food, and 
it is estimated that an acre of artichokes, grown on good land, 
and where both the roots and stalks are utilized, is worth from 
$300 to $500 to the farmer. 

OTHER GRASSES AND FORAGE PLANTS. 

All other fodder plants common to the North grow here 
luxuriantly, such as red top, red clover, crimson clover {trifo- 
lium carnatum) , timothy, millet and the root crops — turnips, 
rutabagas, mangel-wurzels, etc. We cannot say that they are 
grown here largely, yet enough has been done in the way of 
testing them in this State to prove their eminent adaptability to 
our climate, and that they can be grown here as profitably as 
in any other part of the United States. 

While upon the subject of forage plants, we desire to call 
attention to the great value of sorghum for this purpose, as see 
remarks on sorghum fodder on page 12. 

WINTER PASTURAGE. 

The Northern farmer has little use for winter pastures as 
snows would cover them up for months, and when the snows 
melt, the ground is too wet to let the stock out on it. Stock of 



l^ The Southern Partner' s Guide. 

all kinds must be penned up and fed for half of the year; but 
in the South green winter forage can be successfully grown and 
pastured. Cattle men should note this great advantage and 
secure stock ranches here in the South, where stock can be 
handled and fed in winter so much more economically than at 
the North, and their profits correspondingly increased. 

Orchard grass, fall sown oats and rye, and on soils rich in 
lime, blue grass, afford excellent winter and early spring 
pasturage. 



CEREALS .... 

CORN AND WHEAT. 

Winter wheat is the variety of wheat sown here, and yields 
well when the ground is properly prepared and is rich, or has 
been fertilized. Nearly all the counties of the State have fur- 
nished fine samples of their grain at the Arkansas agricultural 
exhibits. 

In corn, the State has lately made a good showing, as 
compared with some other States, as is witnessed by the census 
of 1890, which gives returns as follows: 

ACTUAL YIELD OF CORN IN SEVERAL STATES IN \\ 



STATES. 


BUSHELS. 


STATES. 


BUSHELS. 




33,982,318 
27,154,633 

29,261,422 

13,770,417 

30,073,036 

25,783,620 

3,701,264 

13730,506 

380,662 

3,097,164 

988,806 

1,700,688 

253,810 
1,330,101 
1,471,979 


California 

Michigan 

Colorado 


2,381,270 


Virginia 

Georgia 

South Carolina 

Alabama 


28,785,579 
1,511,907 

583,489 
24,696,446 

82,535 
183,929 
238,203 


New Mexico 

Minnesota 

Arizona 


Florida 


North Dakota. 

Oregon 




Washington 


156,413 


Delaware 


Wyoming 


25,162 


New Hampshire 


14,225 
24,095 


Idaho 


Rhode Island 

Massachusetts 


Utah 

Nevada 


84,760 
6,540 


Connecticut 









Arkansas is in 
States and her crop 



the lead in 
the past year 



comparison with the above 
( 1894) was undoubtedly much 



The Southern Farmer' s Guide. ij 

larger than that quoted above, as the price of cotton having 
been low, farmers have turned their attention to corn raising. 

UPLAND RICE. 

This crop can be grown successfully and profitably on any 
of the good uplands of Arkansas just as easily and more prof- 
itably than wheat. The average yield is larger, the price 
higher, and the labor in raising and harvesting no greater. 

Upland rice is in every respect as good as lowland and sells 
for the same price. A 40-acre field yielding as an average crop 
40 bushels per acre, if sold at $1.25 per bushel would bring 
$2,000, and the rice hay, for the plant is cut while the stalk is' 
still green and makes excellent hay, would yield 60 tons, worth 
$7 per ton or $420, or a total of $2,420 from 40 acres, besides 
the aftermath or second crop growth from the roots, which fur- 
nishes excellent pasturage until frost. Rice should be sown 
early in March and is ripe and ready to mow in July. After it 
is cut, leave it on the ground until it is cured, then tie in bundles 
and stack for a few weeks until it goes through a sweat and 
whitens and hardens the grain. 

BROOM CORN. 

This crop is best raised in drills, not in hills although some 
growers plant it so. In drills about 10 quarts of sound seed 
will plant an acre, the drills being 3^ feet apart. A kindly 
loam soil is preferred to a stiff clay or a sandy one, although 
any soil that will grow a good crop of field corn will grow broom 
corn and it should be made rich by applications of well rotted 
stable, pig or sheep manure, if not naturally so. This may be 
worked in after it is spread broadcast, by the plow and harrow, or 
if the land is quite poor can be applied in the rows. A grain drill 
which opens the rows, plants and covers the seed, all at one 
operation, can be used to advantage in the extensive growing 
of this crop. Land should not be run in broom corn more than 

See HOLL.ENBERG Music Couip:iiiy's Announcement, Outside Back Cover. 



i6 The Southern Farmer'' s Guide. 

two years in succession as it draws heavily upon the strength of 
the land; it is better then to alternate with root crops, clover 
or cowpeas. 

Broom corn should not be planted until the ground is 
warm, say the first of May in Arkansas, and when it is up run 
between the rows with cultivator or pony harrow, keeping the 
soil mellow and well stirred, working also with hoe so that 
weeds and grass get no advantage. Thin out the plants when 
2 or 3 inches high to about 3 inches in the rows or four to six 
plants in the hill^ according to the fertility of the soil. 

Long and straight staple is the main point and this can be 
secured only by encouraging a strong growth by heavy manuring 
and good culture and by bending down the brush part, called 
"lopping off, " at a point a foot or foot and a half below the brush. 

When ripe, that is, when the blossoms shed, cut the brush 
off at the point where bent over, with a sharp knife and lay the 
heads where they will cure perfectly straight, and dry under 
cover in a barn, shed, or curing house. This curing will be 
perfected in three or four weeks, and can best be done on light 
slat racks, so that the corn can be dried in thin layers on the 
different slat shelves of the rack. When fully cured the seeds 
are removed by combing them out in a hackle made of iron or 
hard wood bars with pointed ends set firmly upright, not more 
than a quarter of an inch apart, in a wooden frame. The broom 
corn should then be packed in a square bale, heads upon heads 
the butts outside, evenly and smoothly, the length of the bale 
being 4 or 5 feet, and the height and breadth about 2}^ to 3 
feet, with slats or thick laths at the corners and sides (not at 
the butt ends), and all held in place by strong wire or heavy 
twine bands. 

The present price of broom corn is only from $35 to $70 
per ton according to quality and length, but is sometimes worth 
about double these figures. That which has a green color and 
yet is perfectly matured and cured is esteemed very much better 
than that having a yellow or red appearance. 



The Southern Far?ner' s Guide. JJ 

Broom corn seed hackled out from the brush, though not 
sufficiently mature to use for planting, form a good feeding 
grain when ground with corn for hogs, sheep or poultry. 

Broom corn fodder is valuable for feeding purposes after 
the brush has been removed, and cattle should be turned in on 
it in the field to help themselves. The stalks make a good 
fertilizer and should be run through a corn cutter and cut 3 or 
4 inches long and put in the barnyard where they can be tramped 
down by the cattle and absorb the urine and other nitrogenous 
products, or they can be burned in the field and the ashes used 
as fertilizers. The former is, however, the best way of securing 
the full value of their chemical constituents and making them 
useful. 

. . . .TOBACCO .... 

"Tobacco is a filthy weed; 

It was the devil sowed the seed." 

So says some "machine poet." Be this as it may, and we 
leave the question of its origin to others, mankind seems to love 
it, and as a money-making plant in the South it has a promi- 
nent place, 

Arkansas has not given .much attention to its culture as yet, 
having produced in 1889 but 1,156,000 pounds, but her lands 
and climate are declared by good tobacco farmers to be as well 
suited to this plant as those of any other State. In North Car- 
olina, land that will grow fine thin golden leaf tobacco is very 
valuable, while equally good lands for this crop can be bought 
in Arkansas at from $3 to $5 per acre. 

In the year 1882, I. W. G. Wierman planted 15 acres in 
tobacco, in Saline County in this State, of which he says: "No 
finer crop ever grew on American soil." We give here a few 
points in the growing of fine tobacco abridged from his directions. 
Sow the seed early in January where a large brush heap has 
been burned, raking the ashes into the soil, then sprinkle the 
seeds over the bed and press them down with a flat board. Set 

Pz 



i8 The Southern Farmer' s Guide. 

out the plants in April — the earlier the better, when the weather 
is favorable. New land is not as good for tobacco as that 
which has been cropped for several years, but it should be rich 
or fertilized with wood ashes or well rotted manure, applied 
broadcast or in the hill. Set plants from 2 to 3 feet apart, ac- 
cording to variety. Nearly level culture is best. Work well 
and often; after a rain is a good time to cultivate it. 

Tobacco should be "topped" before if blossoms — how 
high or low is a matter of experience — about the eighteenth 
leaf from the ground is the general practice. All suckers 
should be pulled off before they are 3 inches long, but let 
all the leaves grow; the lower leaves prevent the sun from dry- 
ing the ground about the roots, and protect the leaves above 
from dirt when it rains. 

When a tinge of yellow comes on the leaves or they as- 
sume a mottled appearance, or they break when folded over 
between the thumb and finger, the tobacco is ripe. Then with 
a hatchet cut into the stalk to the heart, 10 inches above the 
ground, then split down the middle of the stalk to within 3 
inches of the ground, turn up all the leaves and chop it off close 
to the ground. The stalks are then hung on laths and are 
ready for drying. The best time to cut tobacco is after 3 
o'clock. If cut on a hot day and allowed to lie in the sun for 
fifteen minutes it is burned. The drying barn must be got 
ready for use before the crop is ripe and should be 24 feet wide 
by 48 feet long and 14 feet high, with three ventilators on top 
of roof, and lines of posts 4 feet apart, resting on rock bases 
and nailed to the roof rafters. These posts hold the cross pieces 
which support the laths of drying tobacco. Care must be taken 
to hang the laths so the tobacco on one does not touch that on 
any other. 

No fire is used in curing fine, thin tobacco, such as is used 
for cigars, but heavier, such as is used for pipe smoking and 
chewing, is fire-cured. 

For RAILROAD LANDS at LOW PRICES See Advertisement on Page 8. 



The Southern Farmer'' s Guide. ig 

.... FRUITS .... 
APPLE ORCHARDS. 

The fame of Arkansas apples may justly be said to be 
almost world-wide, as she has carried off first honors wherever 
she has exhibited her fruits ; such apple countries as New 
York, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Canada and the Pacific 
Coast States having been beaten again and again in the compe- 
tition, and the leading pomologists of the country have sung the 
praises of the matchless fruit she has exhibited. 

In that part of the State lying north of the Arkansas River 
the business of apple raising has passed the experimental stage 
and has assumed large proportions, some of the counties having 
hundreds of thousands and will soon have millions of bearing 
trees, and the quality of the fruit is unsurpassed. 

Apple trees one and two years old cost here from $4 to $5 
per hundred. It is best to buy trees grown in the South, as 
there are large and reliable nurseries raising such varieties as 
are found to succeed best here. The favorites for profit are Ben 
Davis, Missouri Pippin, Mammoth Black Twig, Ingraham, 
Jonathan, Shockley, Winesap, Ozone Red, Rome Beauty, 
Huntsman's Favorite, Hoss, Springdale, Clingman's Yellow 
Forest, and the Tull apple; and for early varieties, Early Har- 
vest, Red Astrachan, Arkansas Red, and Red June. A failure of 
the crop was unknown until last year, 1894, when a freeze in 
March ruined almost the whole crop of this State. 

For the southern lowland portions of Arkansas and ad- 
joining States we can highly recommend the Arkansas seedling 
"Tull" apple, now being introduced by C. B. Davidson, of 
Little Rock, a large, beautiful red-striped apple, which does 
not rot, maturing perfectly, a good bearer and winter keeper; 
and also the "Yellow Forest" apple, another excellent South- 
ern variety, grown and offered to the public at the Clingman 
Nurseries, at Homer, La. 



20 The Southern Farmer'' s Guide. 

We consider these two apples as almost invaluable upon 
the cotton lands of the State, having originated on the alluvial 
lands, they have, after trial for the past fifteen years, proved 
their eminent adaptability to this section. (See the advertise- 
ment of these excellent fruits). 

The market for Arkansas apples is mostly in Texas, Col- 
orado and the Northwest, and the price in carload lots is from 
50 cents to $1 per bushel. 

Taking the lowest figure as the price, apple raising is a 
very profitable business. 

Trees planted 20 feet apart give 100 trees to the acre. The 
more prolific sorts, such as Ben Davis, will bear at five years 
from the nursery a bushel to the tree, the sixth year they will 
bear 5 bushels, when ten years old from 10 to 20 bushels, 
and above that age from 30 to 50 bushels. 

Supposing that only 50 trees are set to an acre instead of 
100, and that they bear an average of only 20 bushels to a tree, 
this would give 1,000 bushels per acre, and if sold at the lowest 
price, 50 cents per bushel, would make the income from i acre 
$500, or $5,000 from 10 acres. 

When it is remembered that root crops, such as sweet or 
Irish potatoes, can be successfully grown between the rows of 
trees while they are coming into bearing, an idea is gained of 
the profit there is in apples on the exceedingly cheap lands of 
Arkansas. Thousands of immigrants have already found out 
these facts, have settled here and are raising Arkansas apples, 
but we have still room for hundreds of thousands more. 

There is no danger of overproduction, for England stands 
ready to take all the surplus of good apples we have to ship. 
The export from American ports the season of 1891-92 was 
1,448,712 barrels; since that date not so many have been ex- 
ported, because the country hadn't them to spare. 

For RAILROAD LANDS at LOW PRICES See Advertisement on Page 2. 



The Southern Farmer'' s Guide. 21 

PEACHES AND PEACH LANDS IN ARKANSAS. 

The whole State of Arkansas is a peach country. From 
the earliest days of the settlement of the territory fine seedling 
peaches have flourished and borne beautiful fruit by the side of 
every farm house throughout the entire State, but in a commercial 
way interest seems at present to center in three different local- 
ities, namely, Hempstead and the adjacent counties in the south- 
west, Drew County in the southeast, and Crawford dnd Frank- 
lin counties in the northwest. Other counties may ultimately 
prove to be full as desirable locations as these, but for the pres- 
ent these are recognized as the leading peach districts. 

Any soil adapted to the growth of corn is said to be good 
for the peach; yet, upon investigation, a rich, friable loam, 
with well drained red clay subsoil, seems to produce the best 
results; elevated sites, or the presence of bodies of water near 
by, lessening the danger of injury by late frosts, are desirable. 
Sandy soils are not objectionable where they are enriched by 
the application of ashes or marls, as is done in the famous 
peach lands of New Jersey. 

Speaking of the lands in Hempstead and adjoining counties 
in Arkansas, Professor John Branner, a most eminent geologist, 
says: "The sandy surface residual soils of these marls, are no 
doubt the finest soils possible for fruit trees, and especially val- 
uable for growing peaches. In this connection it is interesting 
to note that they present the same physical condition and oc- 
cupy the same geologic horizon as the celebrated peach grow- 
ing regions of New Jersey." 

CULTURE OF PEACH TREES. 

Peach trees are set by orchardists all the way from lO to 2i 
feet apart; or from loo to 400 trees to the acre, and do well at 
either distance, according to variety and soil. Perhaps the 
best way is to plant 400 to the acre, and when trees grow large, 
say at eight years old, cut out the alternate trees in the rows. 



22 The Southern Farmer' s Guide. 

Peaches begin to bear early in Arkansas, and are as long 
lived as in any part of the United States. At three years from 
setting out, trees often produce a good crop, and when in full 
bearing the best varieties yield at the rate of from 300 to 400 
bushels to the acre. Choice peaches will bring from $1 to $2 
per bushel net, 10 acres of peach orchard often yielding as 
much as from $4,000 to $5,000 from a single crop. A like 
profit can also be made by evaporating the fruit, which should 
be first peeled and stoned to secure best prices, although good 
results are obtained without peeling. 

Mr. A. W. Poole, of Ozark, Ark., has trees in his orchard 
that bore fruit in 1892 and 1893 which sold at prices equal to 
$1,600 per acre. 

The peach crop of the Delaware and Chesapeake peninsula 
in 1893 was 6,000,000 baskets, which were sold at an average 
price of 35 cents per basket, or $2,100,000 for the crop. The 
fruit growers of Arkansas have not only a Northern market but 
the great Northwest to supply, and there is no danger of over- 
stocking the market. 

The peach now attracting the most attention at the South 
is the Elberta, a large, freestone peach, 9 inches in circumfer- 
ence, very juicy, melting, and of good quality; color yellow, 
with a brightly colored red cheek. It was esteemed the best 
out of 14,000 seedlings. It ripens early, but not so early as the 
Amsden or Alexander, but is infinitely better and a surer bearer 
and ripener, the tendency of those being to rot on the trees be- 
fore they are ripe. The Elberta is one of the handsomest 
peaches ever grown. 

The Crosby, a "frost proof" variety, large, handsome, 
yellow, freestone, sweet, delicious, with very small pit, is well 
worth trying, so also is C ling man'' s May Peach, introduced by 
A. K. Clingman at his nurseries at Homer, La. It is a very 
early freestone peach, blooms late, large, prolific, flesh white, 
deep crimson skin, delicious in flavor. It is recommended to 
those wanting a very early good peach. 



The Southern Farmer' s Guide. 23 

PEARS. 

The pear is one of the finest fruits the Lord ever made, 
and the South is the place to grow them to perfection and of 
the finest flavor. 

In Arkansas are found many old trees bearing annual crops 
of large luscious pears, many of them doubtless native seedlings, 
but as yet very little has been done here in the way of raising 
this fruit for market. This business presents a very inviting and 
lucrative field; who will enter upon it? The Le Conte, which 
originated in Georgia, has made good money for many planters in 
other Southern States, why not here on our cheap red clay lands, 
which have all the chemical properties required by the pear? 

Mr. William Jennings, of Georgia, gives his method of the 
management of these trees as follows : 

"Begin with one-year-old trees, which are really the best 
for orchard planting. Three feet of the top should be cut off 
before planting, or, in other words, the tree should be cut back 
to 2 feet. 

"During the summer some of the low buds should be 
rubbed off, throwing the growth into the upper bud. This top 
bud should make a growth of from 5 to 8 feet, and during the 
following winter should be cut back to 4 feet from the ground. 

"Subsequent pruning consists in annually cutting back the 
leader, and the longer branches, and removing the inside 
branches. A Le Conte pear should at five years be of sym- 
metrical cone shape. If the leader and longest limbs are an- 
nually cut back, leaving the leader somewhat the longest, and 
the useless buds and limbs removed, the tree naturally assumes 
the shape described. 

"At five to six years old the tree commences to form fruit 
buds and will require but little pruning thereafter. An average 
twelve year old tree is 30 inches in circumference above the 
collar, 20 feet high and 20 feet wide. * * * We find them 
profitable and so treat them generously." 

Our own experience would not sanction the use of stimu- 
lating manures for pear trees. It causes them to throw out too 



24- The Souther 71 Farmer' s Guide. 

large a growth of long immature wood, deranging the shapeli- 
ness of the tree and predisposing it to blight. 

Ashes and lime are exceedingly valuable fertilizers for the 
pear, and salt in moderate amount sown broadcast in the spring 
around the tree as far as the roots extend. A good location 
for pear orchard is a northern slope on loamy soil, with clay 
subsoil, and if these have gravel intermingled or rest upon a 
porous shaly base so much the better. If the land has not good 
natural drainage and you cannot furnish it by good under or 
surface drainage, you had better not set pear trees there, for they 
will be unhealthy, dwarfed and die soon. 

Pears on suitable soils and best locations are very long 
lived. Cole's American Fruit Book gives instances of pear 
trees now in vigorous life and bearing that are from fifty to sev- 
eral hundred years old. One in England is mentioned, the 
branches of which have bent down and taken root until it now 
covers half an acre of land. Another tree near Vincennes, Ills., 
bore 184 bushels of fruit in 1834. It is still living. 

Pear trees can be propagated from the seed and budded in 
the root, or from suckers where they spring up from the roots 
of the parent trees, or by cuttings. If by the latter mode, the 
cuttings should be started in a shallow box filled with sand 
which should be kept moist, and at an even warm temperature. 
Set the cuttings sloping in the sand, packing it tightly around 
them. 

We do not recommend the use of dwarf trees, which are 
obtained by grafting the pear on quince stocks. At the South 
standards are best, and most long lived. 

Pears sell well, bringing from $1.50 to $2 per bushel, and 
at this rate would net the grower from $800 to $1 ,200 per acre. 

Other favorite varieties in the South besides the Le Conte 
are Keifer, Flemish Beauty, Bartlet, Louise Bon De Jersey, and 
of lately introduced varieties, the Idaho and Vermont Beauty. 

See HOLLENBEKG Music Company's Anuouiiceuient, Outside Back Cover. 



The Southern Farmer'' s Guide. 25 

PLUMS. 

The plum is a native of the South and will do well on any 
soil that will produce corn, and now that spraying is so largely 
introduced, the curculio is no longer feared. For this pest and 
for other insect depredators upon apples, peaches, or plums, a 
few young pigs are also a good medicine, as they eat up the 
falling fruit and destroy the next crop of insects. But if you 
have potatoes or artichokes in the young orchard, better keep 
the pigs out, and use the insecticides by spraying. 

Plum growing at the South has proved very profitable; the 
average net price to the grower for the past ten years having 
been $2 per bushel. The trees are usually set 12 feet apart 
each way, and at five years old will average a bushel to the tree, 
or 300 bushels to the acre, which will net the grower $600; or 
$6,000 from a lo-acre orchard. Plums bear transportation 
well and are sent to market in one-third bushel boxes. By 
planting three or four different varieties, the bearing season can 
be extended over three months, so that the work of picking 
and shipping need not come all at once. 

The favorite varieties are Wild Goose, Damson, Green 
Gage, Lincoln, Wolf, and the Japanese varieties, Abundance, 
Burbank, Kelsey, etc. There is good money in plums in Ar- 
kansas and those who have tried find it so, 

CHERRIES AND QUINCES. 

Some sorts of cherries do well here, especially the Morello 
and the Louisiana Ironclad. This last named is especially well 
adapted to Southern culture — is vigorous, hardy, enormously 
productive, fruit large, dark red, growing in clusters, often 
twenty on a twig 6 inches in length; flesh acid but juicy and 
pleasant. This fine cherry was introduced by Mr. Clingman, 
of Homer, La., who also introduced the Clingman's Early May 
peach and Yellow Forest apple. 

Quinces do as well here as anywhere. They are usually 



26 The Southerti Farmer' s Guide. 

shy bearers, and the trees have to have age to show good re 

suits, somewhat as orange trees do in the orange growing States. 

We have had several good crops from our trees set out about 

fifteen years ago. 

GRAPES. 

When the Spanish and French explorers first visited Ar- 
kansas they found immense vines of wild grapes on the hills 
and in the valleys, and here fifty years ago Nicholas Longworth, 
of Cincinnati, Ohio, the nestor if not the father of intelligent 
grape growing and wine making in the United States, found 
growing wild such large, luscious grapes as were not native to 
any other State of the Union; and to-day commercial vine- 
yards in various parts of Arkansas supply our State markets with 
fine Ives, Concords, Delawares, Wordens, Niagaras, etc., at 
prices ranging from 7 to 20 cents per pound. There is big 
money here for the man who will raise them in large quantities 
and ship them North, where they will have the market all to 
themselves for at least a month before Northern grown fruit is 
ripe. 

L. H. Bailey, of Cornell University, in his "Annals of 
Horticulture for 1893," states that the money invested in the 
New York, Chautauqua and Lake Erie grape district is $1,000,- 
000; that the business gives employment to 15,000 persons 
the year round, and that the grapes net the raisers 2 cents to 
2^ cents per pound, or from $40 to $50 per ton. He. adds 
that "it is these facts and figures that have induced so many 
people to go into raising grapes. * * * There has been a 
demand for grape land, and at the present time the price ranges 
from $100 to $200 per acre without a vine on the soil." ( !) 

What a commentary this is upon the prices of Arkansas 
grape lands, which can now be bought at from $3.50 to $5 per 
acre. 

Good, well-rooted grape vines can be bought at from 3 to 
5 cents each of the leading varieties in lots of 100, or even at 
less prices by the thousand. 



The Southern Farmer^ s Guide. 



27 



The various methods of planting, training, and pruning 
vines would take too much space to be given here, but are 
easily learned and understood by those who wish to engage in 
the business. I will merely say that wires and posts are not 
necessary; vines can be economically grown and trained on 
stakes 8 feet long, driven a foot in the ground close by each 
vine, which should be set 7 feet apart each way. 

Grapevines to bear good crops must be pruned both in the 
winter and in the spring, the latter being done with the finger 
and thumb nails, pinching off the ends of the young sprouts 
just beyond the third leaf above the last bunch of grapes, as 
soon as the buttons or bunches of blossoms, which will mature 
into the future bunches, show well upon the vines. 

THE SCUPPERNONG GRAPE. 
The Scuppernong is a native grape of the Southern States, 
a distinct variety that needs no pruning, bears prodigious crops 
of large, delicious, sugary grapes, of a russet golden yellow 
color when ripe. They should be transplanted not later than 
February and set from 30 to 50 feet apart, and will in a few years 
cover almost any extended trellis room that may be given them. 
It is best to prepare a permanent arbor, which should be of 
cedar or some other indestructible wood, with posts 4 to 6 
inches square, 8^ feet long, set 18 to 24 inches in the ground. 
These may be set 12 or 15 feet apart in square form with one 
in the center, on the south side of which the vine should be set, 
and a flat trellis constructed from one to the other as shown in 



u 




u 


n 




r 



the diagram. This trellis can be extended as the vine grows 
larger. It need not be built until the third year after the vine 
is set, as this vine is a slow grower at first. 



28 The Southern Farmer^ s Guide. 

The Scuppernong does not take kindly to fresh manures, 
and all fertilizing should be done upon the surface and worked 
in with a fork or plow. When in full bearing immense quan- 
tities of fruit are produced upon each vine, which can best be 
harvested by shaking the branches over a cloth, made hopper 
fashion, over a large, flat basket or wagon bed. This vine can- 
not be propagated from cuttings but by layering, which should 
be done any clear, warm day in February. 



.... BERRIES .... 

STRAWBERRIES. 

The first thing to be sure of in strawberry raising (as is 
also measurably true of other fruits) is that your location is 
right as to a good, near-by market, or has good shipping facil- 
ities, so your crop can reach the consumer in prime order and 
with little delay. 

The following directions for the cultivation of strawberries 
are given by Dr. H. McKay, a noted Southern small fruit 
raiser : 

"Having selected fair medium land, with good yellower red 
clay basis, latter preferred, sloping, if possible, to the south or 
southeast, plow and work thoroughly and then lay off in ridges 
or beds as if for cotton or corn, but letting the middle of the 
bed rest on two deep subsoil furrows, and elevated 3 to 5 inches 
above the general level, rows being 3 to 3^ feet wide and run 
so as to secure good drainage. Set the plants in the center of 
these beds from 12 to 15 inches apart, and about an inch 
deeper than they formerly set, pressing the earth tightly about the 
roots. For early planting, October and November, or late Feb- 
ruary and March. Some berries will be produced the following 
spring, generally 100 to 300 quarts per acre, which, however, 
are not well suited for market, being more sappy and trashy 
from growing closer to the ground. If it is desired to pick 
these berries, give them only surface work with a sharp hoe. 



The Southern Farmer' s Guide. 2g 

and commence the regular working after the crop is gathered. 
If this crop is disregarded, and work commenced earlier, the 
stools will be stronger and go through the warm weather better. 
In any case the working should continue upon thin land until 
middle of July or on rich land until ist of August. 

"It is best to give two or three workings with the plow, 
following each time with the hoe, running the subsoil plow in 
the bottom of the turn plow furrow, so that the land . is thor- 
oughly broken and pulverized at least 8 or lO inches deep. 
The grass is then allowed to grow for winter protection and 
to keep the berries clean. No further work except very light 
surface hoeing until the crop is gathered the following spring. 

"It is my deliberate conviction that cheaper and better 
berries can be made in this latitude on medium or thin land 
than on rich or highly fertilized." 

For Arkansas the early varieties we have found best are 
Hoffman, Haverland and Crescent, the latter fertilized, with 
Michel set every third or fourth row. Parker Earle is a good 
medium early, and hardy if it escapes the rust. It is a very 
heavy bearer, having been said to yield as many as 15,000 
quarts per acre, but produces but few plants. 

For a splendid late berry the Gandy holds first place as 
yet. It is not good as a shipper North, however, as it ripens 
too late for that market. 

The towns of Judsonia, Beebe, Austin, Alexander, Benton, 
Arkadelphia, Prescott and Hope, on the main line of the St. 
Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railroad, and the towns on 
the line of the Little Rock and Fort Smith Railway are all well 
situated for this business, and several of them shipped straw- 
berries in 1894 to the amount of 60,000 cases each, a case 
containing 24 quarts. 

RASPBERRIES. 

Of black cap raspberries we find the best here to be the 
Palmer. The Gregg and Tyler are both somewhat subject to 

For RAILROAD LANDS at LOW PRICES See Advertisement on Page 3. 



30 The Souther?! Farmer^ s Guide. 

blight, but Palmer seems to be rust proof and bears large crops 
ripening well together. There may be a good late variety but 
we have not discovered it. 

Of red raspberries the Turner leads as yet. The Cuthbert 
seems unsuited to the climate, and though it produces some 
splendid berries, the crop is light and the canes die out. 

The Golden Queen is here a moderately strong grower, 
producing delicious golden colored fruit. 

Another promising berry is Child's Everbearing, which 
came into bearing the first time for us in 1894 and continued in 
bearing until frost. The fruit is rich in flavor and of dark red 
color. We think it may prove very hardy and good as a very 
late bearer here. 

BLACKBERRIES. 

This is a noble fruit and well worthy of more attention than 
it has yet received from our Southern fruit growers. We find 
Early Harvest, Taylor, Ancient Briton and Warren all good. 
The Early Harvest as its name indicates is a very early berry, 
and valuable on this account, though not as sweet, rich or large 
as the others. 

The Lucretia Dewberry produces heavily of fine large lus- 
cious fruit, but is of such a spreading habit, rooting as it does 
from the ends of its long octopus like canes, we fear it will get 
away from us and invade the territory of all other neighboring 
plants ; it is a wonderfully strong grower. 



.... VEGETABLES .... 
IRISH POTATOES. 

It used to be thought that early Irish potatoes alone could 
be successfully grown in Arkansas, and these, while profitable 
for early shipment North, or sale in our larger towns, would not 
keep well ; but within the past few years it has been found that 
a late crop planted with seed of the early one dug before they 



The Southern Farmer'' s Guide. 3^ 

are fairly ripe, say when they are as large as hen's eggs, or 
better still, with seed of a late crop grown the previous year, 
produce a second crop which keeps admirably. 

H. Strother, of Fort Smith, Ark., writing to Coleman s 
Rural World, says: "The finest of Irish potatoes have been 
in the markets here for some time, dug from the second crop of 
potatoes on the same land this year. * * * The first crop 
was shipped North the last of May and first of June, and netted 
the shippers $i per bushel, and furnished the grower the cash 
to run his farm with, and now the second crop is selling at from 
75 cents to $i per bushel (at retail by grocerymen here at 
$1.20)." 

Mr. A. W. Poole, of Ozark, Ark., who raises from 20,000 
to 40,000 bushels of potatoes each year, states that every potato 
planted for the second crop should be cut in two or more pieces, 
to insure germination. 

The Arkansas Experiment Station, at Camden, Ark., rec- 
ommends the bedding out of the seed potatoes in July for the 
second crop (dug from the first crop), the same as sweet pota- 
toes are bedded, covering the potatoes 6 inches deep with good 
soil, and watering the bed until the sprouts are well started, 
when the sprouted tubers are taken up carefully and planted. 

A yield of 400 bushels was grown on i acre, on "choco- 
late" river bottom land, near Clarksville, Johnson County, 
Ark. — 225 bushels the early and 175 bushels the late crop. 

Arkansas second crop potatoes find ready market North, as 
seed potatoes, coming as they do out of our root cellars and 
potato pits in the spring, in prime, fresh condition. 

A crop of cowpeas the previous year, plowed under, puts 
the land in prime condition for Irish potatoes, also supplying 
the nitrogen which this plant is found to require. 

An ideal mode of culture as recommended by Mr. Elbert 
S. Carman, editor of the Rural New Yorker, is to plow a piece 
of well-drained land thoroughly, 6 inches deep, then lay off 
with the plow trenches running north and south (if the slope of 



j2 The Southern Far?ner'' s Guide. 

the land is favorable), 6 or 8 inches deep and 3 ieet apart; run 
a subsoil plow in the trench 6 inches deeper, pulverizing the 
soil thoroughly. In this trench plant the sets 6 inches below 
the natural level of the ground, i foot apart (this is said to 
give better results than if farther apart), covering with earth 
evenly, or with straw, old hay or leaves and manure, scattered 
on top. This method insures the retention of moisture, which 
is essential to success in raising potatoes. The subsequent 
working should be shallow and level, not Jiilling the potatoes, 
which has a tendency to run the water away from the roots and 
to cut off the fine long rootlets upon which the plant depends 
for the nourishment of the growing tubers. 

Potatoes pay well at even 100 bushels to the acre, sold at 
50 cents a bushel ; but kept in root cellars or out-door pits 
until spring, they will bring 75 cents to $1 per bushel in our 
towns or railroad stations in carload lots for shipment. 

On testing grounds in New Jersey, over 1,000 bushels have 
been raised per acre by the use of high grade fertilizers and 
best methods of culture. Potatoes are an excellent crop to 
grow in young orchards while trees are growing to maturity. 
They are a fine money crop at the South. 

Mr. Poole, referred to above, gave some valuable hints on 
potato raising at the late meetings of the Arkansas State Hor- 
ticultural Societies. 

He does not exactly use the trench system, but breaks his 
land deep and harrows, then plants in shallow furrows, by hand 
from a short sack, hung by a strap around the planter's neck, 
near his waist. As each cut piece of potato, which he prefers 
to have of large size with two or three eyes, is dropped about 
16 inches apart in the furrow, the planter steps on it; this, Mr. 
Poole afifirms, is of the first importance as it packs the potato 
firmly in the ground and the soil snugly around it, and this 
packing tends to bring or retain the moisture so necessary to 
the strong growth and productiveness of this plant. 

For KAILROAD LANDS at LOW PKICES See Advertisement on Page 3. 



The Southern Fartner'' s Guide. jj 

After thorough trials, Mr. Poole recommends the use of 
late crop seed, grown the year before and kept over, for the seed 
of both his early and late crops, the latter being planted not 
earlier than the middle of July. He recommends the Par- 
son's Prolific, and says, "I cut any way to get as much meat 
as possible to the two or three eyes I leave. I never split at all." 

Mr. Poole emphasizes these points in planting Irish po- 
tatoes: Plow land deep, furrow shallow, step on the sets with 
a good heavy shoe or boot as you plant, cover deep, especially 
for the late crop, then as soon as they begin to sprout harrow 
or knock off ridge over potatoes so as not to leave the potatoes 
more than 3 or 4 inches deep, then cultivate as nearly level as 
possible. In regard to the time to plant the late crop, this will 
vary in the different parts of the State — in the northern and 
higher altitudes they should be planted in June or July; in 
the lower part of the State the ist of August may be better. 

SWEET POTATOES. 

Almost everybody knows how to raise sweet potatoes, but 
a few hints may be acceptable to our Northern friends. 

To raise the "slips," select a sunny piece of ground, shel- 
tered from north and west winds by buildings or fences ; here 
make beds 4 feet wide sloping them a little to the south, dig- 
ging them thoroughly and working in plenty of well-rotted 
manure. It is best to box the edges with 6 to 10 inch boards 
to prevent washing of the soil. On these beds lay smooth un- 
bruised potatoes, side by side, an inch or so apart over the 
entire bed ; cover with 3 or 4 inches of fine soil and water them 
frequently until the sprouts are well grown. The bed should 
be prepared the last of February or first of March, From 5 to 
10 bushels will furnish enough slips to plant an acre, some varie- 
ties furnishing more sets than others. Remove the slips from 
the beds by pressing down the earth over the potatoes with one 
hand, pulling off the sprouts with the other, so as not to disturb 
the fibrous roots, as the parent potato will continue to furnish 

slips for several months if not disturbed. 
P.1 



34- The Southern Farftier^ s Guide. 

Two crops can be grown the same year if slips for the early 
crop are grown in a hotbed, and the plants set in the field just 
as soon as all danger of frost is over. If only one crop is grown 
this can be planted to good advantage after a crop of winter 
oats is harvested, say by July ist. The crop of potatoes should 
average 300 bushels per acre, worth $150, and the oats say 
$20, or $170 for one year's crops. 

In planting sweet potatoes the rows should be laid off 3^ 
to 4 feet apart and the slips set 18 inches apart in the rows, care 
being taken to have the rows broad at the top. Keep clear of 
weeds by light hoeings until vines cover the ground, then go 
through occasionally with a pitchfork and carefully lift the vines 
from the ground to prevent them from taking root and drawing 
away strength from the growing potatoes. 

<'KILN DRIED" SWEET POTATOES. 

This does not mean dessicated or evaporated sweet pota- 
toes, but is a new idea and enterprise, easily managed by any 
raiser of this vegetable, and is a matter of prime importance to 
Southern farmers. 

Kiln drying is simply extracting the surplus moisture from 
whole potatoes. This is done in a building to suit the require- 
ments of the size of the crop, say 40x60 feet, 16 feet high, 
without windows and with but one door at the end. When the 
frame is up take thick building paper and tack on the studding 
inside and out, under ceiling and weatherboarding; put same 
material in roof, floors and overhead ceiling; this makes a frost 
proof and air-tight building. Then when the potatoes are ripe 
and properly air dried, the merchantable potatoes are "ricked 
up" in this house. The ricks are made by putting upright 2x4 
studding 6 feet apart. The potatoes are then corded in straight 
as you would rick up cordwood until the house is full, excepting 
a space 10 feet square in the center directly under the ventilator 
in the roof, which should be made to close when needed. 



The Southern Far?ner's Guide. J5 

In this space put a stove, a coal base burner is best, build 
fire in this and close everything, provide a thermometer and let 
the temperature run up to from 90 to 1 10 degrees. Within 
thirty-six hours little white shoots will sprout from the potatoes, 
and in sixty hours (still keeping the temperature above 90 
degrees) the surplus moisture in the composition of the potato 
will be carried off, the tubers being at the same time covered 
with the white shoots. Then the potato is "kiln dried, ' ' and will 
keep for two years if left in the racks in this air-tight building, 
or from six months to a year in barrels. The best variety to 
dry is the Yellow Nansemond or Jersey Yam. The larger 
whiter fleshed varieties cannot be easily kiln dried. 

The shoots are rubbed off with the hand at packing time 
by boys or women, and barrels filled and headed up the same 
as in packing apples. The potatoes are of a fine nut brown 
color and of superior flavor, and are the only sweet potatoes, 
excepting a few very early ones, that will sell in any Northern 
city. These sell f. o. b. in carload lots at $3 per barrel, but 
others will not sell at any price. Thousands of carloads of kiln 
dried can readily be sold. 

CABBAGES. 

TWO CROPS PER ANNUM. 

We find cabbages can be just as successfully grown in Ar- 
kansas as in Illinois or New York; the only difference being 
that here you can grow two crops in the year, there but one, 
"How to do it?" Sow your seed in January in boxes in the 
house, or in hotbeds or "cold frames" with covers made with 
cotton cloth tacked on slat frames, which will usually be suffi- 
cient to keep off frosts, but which must be supplemented during 
hard freezes with extra covers of matting, gunny sacks or old 
carpeting. 

These beds should be in some warm corner, on the south 
side of buildings or fences, where they will be protected from 
cold winds. The plants will be ready to set out (if they have 



j(5 The Southern Farmei-'' s Guide. 

been watered and tended well by giving them plenty of air and 
sunlight so that they have not grown spindling and "drawn") 
the middle to 20th of March. If, however, it is desired to have 
earlier plants, to set out say the ist of March, sow the seeds in 
October or November (in poorer soil than in January) and when 
grown large enough to set out, transplant them into another bed 
or cold frame in poor soil, putting them close together to stand 
over winter, giving them all the cold air possible night and day, 
only covering them during hard freezes. 

The best very early variety we consider the Jersey Wake- 
field, though some prefer the Winningstadt. Cabbages will do 
well only on good rich clay or loam soil, with clay subsoil, and 
should be heavily manured with the best of well rotted manure, 
cow manure being preferable. Applications of lime and salt 
the previous fall and winter are beneficial, tending to destroy 
and keep off cutworms, and also to act chemically upon the 
manures, rendering them more easy of assimilation by the plants. 
It is highly important that the ground be worked deeply, 
either with spade or fork if in the garden, or with plow and 
subsoil plow if in the field, before setting the plants. 

The Jersey Wakefield variety can be set i6 or i8 inches 
apart, while the larger and later sorts, such as Flat Dutch, 
Drumhead, Fottler's Brunswick, etc., should be set not less 
than 2 feet, and all plants of the cabbage family should be set 
in the ground np to the first leaf, no matter how long the stem 
may be, and the earth pressed tightly about the root. Setting the 
plant deep is one of the most important points in cabbage cul- 
ture, they will not head otherwise. 

Another important point is to work the ground frequently, 
especially when it is damp, early in the morning or after a rain. 
For the second crop, sow the seed in June or July in a bed 
on the jiorth side of a building or fence, watering the bed regu- 
larly, and setting out as soon as the plants are large enough ; work 
them well and frequently, as directed above, and the crop will 
be ready for market before cold weather comes in the winter. 



The Southern Partner'' s Guide. J7 

A good crop of beans or of some other quick growing veg- 
etable can be grown on the same ground, between the time of 
gathering the early cabbages and planting the late ones. The 
early crop of cabbages should be ready to cut from the first to 
the middle of June, and the late crop should be planted about 
the ist of September, and will be ready for use in December 
or January. 

Cut worms are pretty sure to trouble cabbage growers early 
in the spring, eating the plants in the night and burying them- 
selves in the soil near the stems in the daytime. They must be 
dug out and killed; a small stick or a large nail are good tools 
to do this with (the cut leaves or stems will show where the 
worms are) . The patch should be "wormed" every few days. 
Later the ^r^^;^ worms will appear, generally lying along the 
central ribs of the leaves, and these must be picked off. 

A few broods of young chickens are good things to have 
near a cabbage patch. Applications of dry wood ashes and a 
little Paris green mixed are recommended to kill worms on 
young cabbages, but this should only be applied before they 
begin to head at all. It should not be used on cabbages that 
are heading, as it might lodge and be retained in the head. Paris 
green as is well known is an arsenical preparation, and a deadly 
poison. Water heated to 120 degrees (no hotter) can be used on 
cabbages to kill worms or lice, and does not injure the plants. 

Keep sufficient plants back in your seed beds to reset where 
any have failed to live or been eaten off by cut worms. 

Remember then, if you please, the main points in cabbage 
growing in Arkansas are : 

Rich soil deeply worked. 

Early plants or very late ones. 

Deep setting. 

Firm packing of the soil about the roots of the young plants. 

Frequent workings, especially when ground is damp. 

Worms well fought and destroyed. 

For RAILROAD L,ANDS at LOW PRICES See Advertisement on Page 8. 



j8 The Southern Farmer' s Guide. 

Attention to these points will bring success, and success in 
cabbages, while it means lots of work, means also lots of money; 
sometimes with a good market as much as $500 or $600 per 
acre for one crop, or twice as much for the two, 

ONIONS. 

Twenty-five years ago these vegetables were grown here 
almost exclusively from "button" onions, or from "sets," 
small onions, about the size of a swallow's egg, which were all 
imported from the North. 

We have found it to be just as easy to raise fine large onions 
from the seed as from sets or buttons, and that if seed or sets 
are wanted they can be grown here just as well as at the North. 

L.et the ground be well plowed or spaded and enriched — 
there is no danger of getting it too rich, provided the manure 
is well rotted — then harrow and roll with a light roller. Ap- 
plications of ashes, salt, lime, bone dust and gypsum or sul- 
phur will supply nearly all the chemical elements this crop 
requires. 

Peruvian Guano (which Is much richer in phosphates and 
nitrates than the droppings from domestic poultry), mixed 
with pulverized charcoal and bone meal is highly recommended, 
but we have found no difficulty on good rich clay or loam soil 
fertilized with well-rotted cow manure and chips and sawdust 
from the wood pile, with some ashes, in growing crops of fine 
large onions, both from seed and sets, without using any of the 
more expensive fertilizers enumerated above. 

Plant or sow in February or March, as soon as the weather 
will permit, putting the rows i to 15 feet apart. If buttons or 
sets, put them from 4 to 6 inches apart in the rows, or if seeds 
are sown drop them about an inch apart. When as large as 
pipe stems thin out to 3 or 4 inches apart, transplanting those 
pulled out to other beds. 

The Fayetteville Experiment Station finds that transplanted 
onions yield about 15 per cent more of marketable size than 



The Southern Far?ner' s Guide. jp 

those not transplanted. It will be well, therefore, to have other 
ground ready on which to set the surplus plants. 

Be sure your seed is fresh ; old onion seeds will not vege- 
tate. Test them by sprouting a few, keeping them damp in a 
shallow dish set in a warm place. If good they should show 
sprouts in thirty-six to forty-eight hours. Buy your seeds of 
reliable seedmen, such as the Plant Seed Company, of St. Louis, 
whose card you will find in this book. 

Never sow onion seeds broadcast, as they cannot then be 
properly hoed. 

If you intend to work onions with plow or cultivator, the 
rows must be put 2 to 2^^ feet apart, but for hoe culture 12 to 
14 inches is enough. The best hoe is one that has a long, nar- 
row blade, not more than 2 inches wide, running to a point at 
one end, the other having a chopping edge, the handle being 
in the middle. Such a tool as this is invaluable in ' onion cul- 
ture, for working up close to the rows; the middles can be 
worked out with plow or a common broad bladed hoe. 

Onions should not have the earth hilled up about them; 
work it away rather than towards the plants ; they are said to 
grow larger and keep better thus. 

It is easy to keep a large onion patch clean with hoes of 
the pattern described, but grass and weeds in the rows must be 
pulled out by hand. 

Onions can be grown year after year on the same ground 
and the crop does not deteriorate. They have been success- 
fully grown in Europe for over 100 years on the same land every 
season. Of course if this is done the strength of the soil must 
be kept up by applications of fertilizers. 

We have found the Yellow Globe Danvers onion a very 
satisfactory sort, but the; large Red Globe is also a strong grower 
and produces well. 

We prefer the globe shape to the flat, as they are better 
keepers and with us produce larger crops. 

The oniop is an easy plant to raise from the seed if the 



^O The Southern Farmer's Guide. 

ground is made rich, they are sowed early, worked and weeded 
well, and given plenty of room in the rows; from a late sow- 
ing it is almost impossible to get a stand. In hot weather the 
seeds although fresh are hard to germinate. 

When the tops begin to die, harvest and put in a loft out 
of the sun, spreading them out and giving them plenty of air. 

To raise seed, set out either in the spring or fall some of 
the largest and best onions of the black seed varieties and har- 
vest the seed when they begin to turn black in the pods, when 
they should be carefully dried. 

By planting "button" varieties you get buttons on the top 
of the seed stalks in place of seeds 

To raise "sets," sow black seed thickly in rows 4 to 6 
inches wide, rows i foot apart, in poor soil; work a little be- 
tween the rows, but let the onions grow thick together, weeds 
and all, and they will be stunted and small, and should be kept 
when harvested in some dry place where they will not freeze, 
and will be as good for late fall or early spring setting as any 
Northern grown sets. 

ASPARAGUS. 

This vegetable is an excellent shipping product and is pro- 
duced in Arkansas of fine size and flavor, and can be made 
here in every respect a commercial success, with as little ex- 
pense and trouble as anywhere in the United States. 

Plants are grown from seed, or can be obtained from any 
nurseryman, ready to set out in permanent beds. These 
should not be more than 4 feet wide so that trampling upon 
them may be avoided. 

Previous to making the beds the ground should be worked 
deeply, either by plowing, both with turning and subsoil plows, 
or by digging and trenching, filling the trenches with an ample 
supply of well-rotted manure. A large amount of fertilizing 
material is all important in asparagus raising, as the beds once 

For RAILROAD LANDS at LOW PRICES See Adveitiseijient on Page 3. 



The Southern Farmer' s Guide. 41 

established last twenty or thirty years, and the vigor of the 
plants and size of the edible shoots depend greatly upon the 
richness of the soil. A shady place is to be avoided, as the 
plant likes the sunshine, and comes earlier where the location 
is sheltered, warm and sunny. Forty-six inches will be found 
a convenient width for beds, with a path 24 inches wide between 
them. Set the plants 8 inches from the outside edge of the 
bed, 12 inches apart in the rows, and let the rows be 15 inches 
apart. The crown of the plant should be set so it will be cov- 
ered 2 inches deep with earth. 

Give the beds a good, heavy top-dressing of well-rotted 
manure each fall, after cutting off the dead canes, and in the 
spring sprinkle with salt or pour on brine which will tend to 
keep down weeds, and is beneficial to the plant. 

In marketing, cut the shoots off when 6 or 8 inches long, 
having them of uniform length, tie them in bundles 3 inches in 
diameter, and pack in the ordinary one-third bushel cases, such 
as peaches are shipped in. There is an almost unlimited market 
for early asparagus in Northern markets, as it comes in before 
any other vegetables, unless it may be onions, or hotbed pro- 
ducts ; in fact the growing of asparagus in hotbeds or cold 
frames will pay admirably, as it can then be got into market 
fully a month earlier than by open air culture. An acre in as- 
paragus, well set and manured, would help many a poor] man 
to lift a mortgage, or build a fine, new barn, or a young man 
to get money enough to take him through college. The ship- 
ping facilities, however (by express or fast freight), must be 
good. 

CELERY. 

This vegetable will bring money into the hands of the 
market gardener in the late fall, and if he provides himself with 
a cellar to house it in, in the winter and early spring. It can 
be as easily raised in Arkansas as in Michigan. Hear what 
members of the Arkansas State Horticultural Society at their 
meeting at Fort Smith had to say about it. We quote from the 
published report: 



^2 The Southern Farmer'' s Guide. 

"Mr. Foltz — I experimented on celery and met with re- 
markable success; found it to be profitable and better than any 
that was shipped into this place. I think we can grow it fully 
as well as they do in Michigan and other places. It is easily 
propagated; plant in moist ground, ground that in the spring 
is too wet for anything else. Let it grow there until late in the 
fall, then cover over and bleach. 

"Mr. Hightower (colored) — I have raised it for six years, 
after having been told that we could not grow celery in this 
country. I got Mr. Foltz to make out my order for seed, and 
told him to put down some celery seed. I had some land that 
was fit for nothing else. Your plants will be strong by the 
middle of July, then throw a furrow and work the dirt away. 
By September you have a full growth. For fear of a freeze or 
frost, get some hay and cover with it. You will have fine cel- 
ery. It has been preferred to any celery shipped here. I re- 
alized $8 from two rows the length of this building, and I find 
there is more in raising celery than in any other vegetable you 
can grow." 

One thing especially in favor of celery culture is that there 
is always a splendid home market for it in the towns and cities 
of the South, with all the leverage of the long freight haul in 
favor of the Southern grown article as to price and profit. 

OTHER VEGETABLES. 

In the growing of early vegetables, such as cucumbers, 
tomatoes, peas, beans, cauliflowers, watermelons^ canteloupes, 
etc., there is ample and profitable opportunity for the enter- 
prising truck farmer all along the lines of our railroads. A few 
of our towns have made a good commencement in the growth 
and shipment of these products, but we have still room for 
thousands more. Every such shipper should provide himself 
with hotbeds for the early starting of such vegetable growths 
as cabbages, cucumbers, tomatoes, etc., and so get into market 
months before those Northern grown are ready. 



The Southern Farmer' s Guide. 4.3 

NUTS 

PEANUTS. 

Peanuts are an exclusively Southern production. The plant 
thrives best on rich sandy loam, but good crops can be profitably 
grown on light sandy soils. A green crop of cowpeas turned 
under the preceding fall (on land that has borne some other 
crop in the early part of the season) puts land in fine condition 
for planting peanuts early the following spring, say middle of 
March to ist of April. They continue to grow until frost, and 
will produce from 75 to 200 bushels per acre and sell at from 
$1 to $1.50 per bushel. The Spanish variety is said to be the 
best, and also yields 2 to 3 tons of forage of a superior character, 
being very nutritious and especially valuable as a food for cattle. 

If raised solely as stock food, mow the vines when the nuts 
are ripe, and when the hay is cured and saved turn in your pigs 
and they will dig the nuts themselves ; they are said to be worth 
twice as much as corn to fatten pigs. If you wish to save and 
sell the nuts, plow out the vines and nuts, then go through with 
a fork and shake the dirt off and pile in cocks to cure. In a 
week or ten days gather the nuts. They are full as easy to cul- 
tivate as potatoes; should be planted in rows 3 feet apart, the 
plants 2 feet apart in the rows ; keep down weeds by level cul- 
tivation and only hill slightly when laid by. The blossoms do 
not form the fruit, but this grows under the ground. In plant- 
ing put three or four pods in a place to insure a good stand, 
and thin out to two. You cannot double crop land planted in 
peanuts as you can so many other crops at the South. It takes 
the whole season to grow them, but as one man and horse can 
tend 40 acres it is a profitable crop. 

PECANS. 

Probably there is nothing that will prove a better life in- 
surance at a less cost than a pecan grove. Pecans seem to suc- 
ceed on almost all kinds of soils in the South, and are indige- 
nous to Arkansas. 



44 The Southern Farmer^ s Guide. 

Nuts freshly fallen from the trees should be taken, to 
insure germination, and should be planted about 3 inches 
deep, either in nursery rows or where they are to remain, the 
latter being preferable, as the pecan has a long tap root, which 
in good soil will in one year be longer than the stem. They can 
be set from 16 to 35 feet apart and will begin to bear at from ten 
to twelve years from planting. The location of each tree or place 
of planting the seeds should be marked by good strong stakes 
of oak or some other lasting wood, driven into the ground. 

The ground between the rows may be cultivated in a crop, 
such as potatoes or cotton, for the first five or six years and 
after that let the trees have their own way and take care of 
themselves, 

A good plan is also to plant peach trees alternately in the 
rows, if the location is a good one for this fruit, or plums, 
cutting them out when the pecans have grown large. 

The outlay for a lo-acre grove of pecans is not heavy; it 
will cost in Arkansas about as follows : 

Ten acres of improved land $100 00. 

Nuts and planting. 50 00 

Interest and taxes, 12 years 190 00 

Total cost $340 00 

If forty trees only are set per acre, and the yield the twelfth 
year but half a bushel to the tree and sold at $2.50 per bushel, 
which is a very low price, would bring $50 per acre; when 
twenty-five years old the trees will bear 5 bushels, to the tree, or 
200 bushels per acre, worth at least $500; or from a lo-acre 
grove the snug sum of $5,000 per annum. Surely, then, we 
are not in error in saying that pecans furnish an excellent life 
insurance policy at a very small cost. 

BLACK WALNUT GROVES. 

The black walnut is another splendid nut to plant in the 
South. 

Prepare the ground as if for a corn crop, then lay it off in 

Tor KAILKOAD LANDS at LOW PUICES See Advertisement on Page 2' 



The Southern Farmer' s Guide. 4.5 

check rows 16 feet apart and at each intersection drive in a 
stake of dry oak or some other lasting wood and plant near this 
stake three or four nuts (just off the tree) to insure a good 
stand, removing all but one of the plants as soon as they are 
well established the second year. 

Trees at 16 feet apart give 170 to the acre, and it is esti- 
mated that the fruit after the eighth year will be worth $40 per 
acre and after the fifteenth year double that amount, while the 
trees at their fifteenth year would furnish lumber worth over 
$2,000 per acre, or if allowed to stand until fifty years old would 
cut into lumber worth $8,500 per acre, and at the same time 
would each year have been producing nuts worth from $80 to 
$100 per acre. 

Black walnut trees, like pecans, have a long tap root, and 
derive the most of their sustenance from the subsoils, and crops 
can be grown between and in the rows while the young trees 
are growing, to the advantage of the trees, and such crops can 
be made to pay all interest on the money expended in land, 
taxes and interest while the trees are coming into bearing. 



.... MISCELLANEOUS .... 
HOW TO BUILD A ROOT OR FRUIT CELLAR IN THE SOUTH. 

Do not build it under the house; it is much easier man- 
aged when built independently. 

The best place is in a hillside, or where the ground is 
sloping. Commence on the lower side, where a roadway can 
conveniently come in, and dig say 15 feet wide and 30 to 40 
feet back into the bank, sloping the floor a little to the front 
for drainage. It is best to have it front south or east. A good 
rock wall, laid up with mortar, 18 to 24 inches thick, should 
then be carried up 8 feet high, with air ducts or chimneys built 
on the sides from the floor to 2 feet above top of wall. 



^d The Southern Farmer'' s Guide. 

Bank the earth you have thrown out, around the sides to 
near the top of the walls. Frame a roof and cover with 
boards laid close together and shingle the same as you would a 
house. It might be well in the north part of the State to put 
building paper under the shingles to make the roof more imper- 
vious to cold; in fact, the whole building should be both cold 
and heat proof. 

The ventilators which may be built as directed above, or 
put in the roof, must be closed when the thermometer drops to 
20 degrees or less above zero. 

Put the potatoes in piles 10 feet deep on the dirt floor, if 
it is not damp, or on a cemented floor or board decking raised 
a few inches. Keep the temperature 50 degrees. The tubers 
will not sprout if kept at an even low temperature, and Arkan- 
sas late potatoes will keep in splendid condition thus until the 
following May or June. The cellar should be kept dark. 

Apples keep admirably in bins or long trays in such a cel- 
lar, so they can be looked over from time to time and any 
decaying fruit picked out. 

LIVE STOCK IN ARKANSAS. 

From what has been said herein in regard to grasses and 
forage plants, which furnish a plentiful supply of excellent pas- 
turage and fodder, it will be readily seen that Arkansas is a 
favored land for stock raising. 

But in addition to these advantages other features should be 
noticed, such as the abundant supplies of fine stock water, and the 
long genial summers and correspondingly short and mild winters. 

There is another great advantage enjoyed here in the emi- 
nently cheap and yet exceedingly valuable food found in cotton 
seed, cotton seed meal, and cotton seed hulls, both as daily 
rations in small quantities to young stock, and as fattening food 
in the place of corn to grown cattle. 

After full trial it is found that a daily ration of 7 to 8 
pounds of cotton seed meal with 20 to 24 pounds of cotton seed 



The Southern Farmer' s Guide. ^7 

hulls, fed daily 100 days to 100 head of cattle, increased their 
weight on an average 4 pounds per day each. But this is not 
all; every farmer should know that a poor steer weighing but 
800 pounds will only sell for about $15 to $16, while the same 
steer if well fattened up to 1,200 pounds will bring $50. This 
results not only from the additional weight gained but in the 
greatly improved quality of the entire beef. The Arkansas 
Cotton Oil Company, of Little Rock, Ark., who run one of 
the largest oil mills in the world, will furnish cotton seed 
hulls and meal or cake at lowest market prices, delivered 
in any part of the country. See their advertisement in this book. 

If the Arkansas farmer lives remote from any of our great 
cotton oil mills, and from railroad station, so that he cannot 
well supply himself with cotton seed meal and hulls so cheaply 
furnished by these manufacturing enterprises, which have proved 
to be of such immense value to the South, a ration of cotton 
seed, corn and corn cobs ground up all together will be found 
a very cheap and excellent food. But whether the cattle are 
fed with the commercial meal and hulls or with home ground 
cotton seed, corn and cobs, the stock should always have free 
access to plenty of pure water and of salt. 

The farmer who lives remote from railroads would do well 
to provide himself with a good horse power mill for grinding 
such foods as those spoken of. The Dickinson Hardware Com- 
pany or the D. E. Jones Company, of Little Rock, whose ad- 
vertisements are found in this book, will furnish such mills. 

Once a week, say on Sunday, the cattle should be fed hay 
or fodder only, or should be turned into a good pasture, 
thus keeping the bowels open and the stock in fine healthy 
growing condition. These are not matters of speculation, there 
is no guess work about it, but for the past six or seven years 
thousands of cattle have been fed in the yards near our great 
cotton seed oil mills with results above quoted. There are now 

See HOL,L.£NB£KG Music Company's Announcement Outside Back Cover. 



^8 The Southerti Farmer' s Guide. 

in the yards at Little Rock about 5,000 head of cattle being fed 
in this manner. Why should not every Southern farmer avail 
himself of these splendid fattening foods and fatten his own cattle? 



.... ADVANTAGES .... 
THE FARMER AND CAPITALIST FINDS IN ARKANSAS. 

In addition to the inviting fields for enterprise in Arkansas 
set forth in the preceding pages, there are others of great value. 

The first we will mention is the raising of cotton. As 
everybody knows, a cotton crop, like a wheat crop, does not at 
present prices pay large returns, but if half of our Southern 
farmers will make a square turn and raise such crops as we have 
set forth herein, the price of cotton, when prosperity has again 
come back to our country, will again reach 8 or 10 cents per 
pound, at which price cotton is a good crop, when economically 
raised, and when one is not tied up to it but raises his own fod- 
der and bread and meat. 

Then there are the other textile crops, such as flax, hemp, 
rammie and silk, all well adapted to the South; also sugar 
beets, millet, buckwheat, barley, hops, melons of all kinds, and 
in the south part of our State, sugar cane, together with other 
crops which we have not the space here to enlarge upon. All 
of those we have mentioned have been found to succeed excel- 
lently well here. 

There are also here the advantages of our long summers, 
giving opportunity for double cropping land, to a far greater 
extent than is enjoyed at the North, 

The early springs are also a very great advantage, enabling 
our fruit and vegetable raisers to put their products into Northern 
markets from one to two months earlier than those Northern 
grown, thus securing the very best prices. 

To the man who is feeding and fattening cattle and hogs 
our long summers and short mild winters are also a great 
advantage. 



The Souther?i Farmer' s Guide. 4Q 

It is well to remember that while soils can be changed and 
ameliorated by fertilizers, by drainage, by irrigation, etc., the 
climate man has to take just as God gives it to him, and surely 
He has blessed Arkansas wonderfully in this respect. 

An experience of over t\venty-five years in the North and 
over twenty-five years in Arkansas enables us to say that here 
life is a continued pleasure; winters are not dreaded, the sum- 
mers are genial, and the heat not so great as at the l^orth. 
Here a man can work out of doors, comfortably, nearly if not 
quite 360 days out of the 365, and a delicate child can play 
in the open air the year round, in about the same proportion. 
No wonder it is a healthy country. 

In timber, minerals and water power, this State is unsur- 
passed. 

Here, too, will be found good schools, good laws, good 
people. 

This is certainly the land for the man seeking a home ; for 
the invalid whose health has run down under the rigors of 
Northern climates ; it is also the land for the small farmer or 
the large farmer, the rich or the poor man — for any man of 
enterprise and brains. 




L4 



J. W. CHKKK, 

District Agent 

Land Department 

St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern and Little 
Rock and Fort Smith Railways. 



For the 


Counties of 


Pulaski, 


N^evada, 


Saline, 


Ouachita, 


Grant, 


Hempstead, 


Garland, 


Howard, 


Hot Spring, 


Sevier, 


Dallas, 


Lafayette, 


Clark, 


Little Piver, 


Pike, 


Miller. 


FOR 


SALE 



Large Tracts of Pine and l^ardwood Timber Lands 

Suitable for General Farming, Fruit Growing, Stock Raising, etc. 

IIVrPROVED KARMS 

CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. 

Office Land Department, St. L., I. M. & S. Ry. Co. 

I.ITTJLE ROCK, ARKANSAS. 





Land for the Landless, Bargains for the Boys, 
their Mammies and their Daddies. 



.A.LFALFA FARM, 14 mile from Malvern, suited for Apples and Apricots, Arti- 
chokes and Asparagus Price, $1,000 

JtSLUEGRASS FARM, joining Malvern, of 160 acres, 100 cleared, with two-story 
house, barn, well and brook, suited to Blue and Bermuda 
grasses, Beets and Broom corn Price, $2,500 

CLOVER FARM of 6c acres, all improved, 2 miles from Malvern, suited for Corn, 

Clover, Cabbages, Carrots and Celery Price, $1,500 

I>AIRY FARM, Vt mile from Malvern, of 40 acres, part cleared, spring, brook, suit- 
ed to Dairying, iJucks, Dewberries, etc. Price, $1,000 

EVERGREEN FARM, V2 mile from Malvern, of 40 acres, part cleared, suited to 

Evergreen grasses. Endives, Eggplants and Esculents Price, $1,000 

F^LOWERY GROVE in Malvern of 4 acres, suited for Figs, Flowers, Ferns, 

Filberts, etc Price, $ 500 

GtRASSY GROVE, near railway switch, of 200 acres, suited for Grapes, Geese, 

Grass and Gooseberries Price, $1,000 

HICKORY RANCHE of 200 acres, i mile from railway station, suited for Horses, 

Hogs, Hops and Hoops Price, $1,000 

XVY RANCHE, of 200 acres, 20 cleared, house, stable, well, creek, 5 miles from « 

Malvern, suited to Indian corn and Irish Potatoes Price, $1,000 

JESSAMINE PLATEAU, 160 acres, 10 cleared, 7 miles from Malvern, suited to 

Johnson grass, Jap. Persimmons, Jap. clover and Prize fruits Price, $1,000 

ICALEGARDEN of 40 acres, part cleared, Vi mile from railway station, suited for 

Kitchen vegetables. Kohlrabi and Kale .. Price, $ 500 

IL«ILAC LAWN, 3 lots in Malvern suited to Le Conte Pears, Lettuce, Leeks, Lilacs 

and Lillies .. Price, $ 250 

IWIIGNONETTE GROVE, 2 acres in Malvern, suited to Melons, Mulberries, Moss 

roses. Mushrooms Price, $ 500 

^IINA'S KNOLL, 3 lots in Malvern, suited to Nectarines, Nightblooming Cereus, 

Narcissus and Jasmine Price, $ 300 

OUACHITA FARM, 2 miles from Malvern, of 200 acres, 20 cleared, suited to 

Onions, Okra, Orchard Grass and Orchids Price, $1,000 

I*ECAN PLANTATION of 1,000 acres on river, 3 miles from station, for Pecans, 

Peas, Plums, Peaches, Peanuts and Pigs Price, $5,000 

QUERCITRON RANCHE, 640 acres, ■; miles from station, suited to Quinces and 

Tanning from its yellow oak, pasturage and sheep Price, $2,000 

lelCE PLANTATION, Vi mile from station, of 320 acres, for Rice, Ribbon Cane, 

Rutabagas, Raspberries and Red Top Price, $1,600 

ISUNNYSIDE, 2V2 miles from Malvern, of i6o acres, for Strawberries, Sweet Pota- 
toes, Squashes and Sugar Corn Price, $ 800 

TOMATO FARM of 40 acres, V2 mile from station for Turnips, Tomatoes, Tobacco, 

etc Price, $1,000 

"UNTER-DEN-LINDEN" lands, where umbeliferous fruits and flowers grow in 

unequaled beauty, 40 acre tract Price, $ 200 

"VINELAND, 21/2 miles from Malvern, of 160 acres, for Vegetables, Vines and 

Vetches Price, $ 800 

'^^J'lLLOWDALE, of 400 acres, i mile from station, for Watermelons, Willows and 

Wintergrasses Price, $2,000 

3CHELVITIA, of 160 acres, near station, excellent timber for Axhelves, Spokes, 

Hubs, Bolsters, etc Price, $ 800 

"y E above lands have plenty of timber, for buildings, fences, fuel and shade, and can mostly be re- 
duplicated many times over, on our Railway Company's lands at from $3 
to $5 per acre according to soil, timber, and distance from stations. 

55ENOBIA WATERPOWERS, near Iron Mountain Ry., to manufacture Electricity 
for Light, and Power to run Cars, Spindles, Looms, Turning 
Lathes, Saw, Planing and Grooving Machinery, etc., and to 
smelt Antimony, Aluminum, Copper, Lead, Nickel, Silver 
and Zinc, at $5 to $25 per acre. 

SeC We have some select locations of Coal and Lignite to bake Crucibles, Glassware, Queens- 
ware, Stoneware, Firebrick. Tiles, Paving and Building Brick, all of which 
raw materials are here in abundance, and can now be had very cheap. For 
further information apply to WM. KILPATRICK, K. R. Land Agent, 

Malvern, Ark. 



ALFRED PLANT, Prest. GEO. URQUHART. V. Prest. FRED S. PUNT, Secy. 

Established 1845. Incorporated 1873. 



PLANT SEED COMPANY. 

GARDEN, GRASS and FLOWER 



In Any Quantity. 



Trite us in Heference to Anything Ifou Need for \m hm or Carden. 

812 & 814 N. FOURTH STREET, C^ T ^tttc Mr\ 
815 & 817 N. THIRD STREET, »J 1 . LUUl^, 1 lU. 

Chas. T. Abeles & Co. 



.. 3Iamifacturers o£ , 



Sasn, Doors, Blinds, mouliimgs, 

AND GENERAL MILL WORK. 

.... Jobbers in .... 

Paints, Oils, Window Glass, Wall Paper, Window Shades, 
Picture Frames, Artists' Materials, Etc. 



Main Office and Store, 215 IVIain Street, 
Factory, 212, 214, 216 & 218 Scott Street, 



Branch Store: 

301 & 303 Second Ave., 

Fine Bluff, Ark. 



LITTLE ROCK, ARK. 




THE5 



Stock 
Food 

FOR CATTLE. 



COTTON SEED HULLS AND MEAL 

Fed in the proportion of one part Cotton Seed 
Meal to four of Hulls, they are found to be an ideal 
fattening ration. 



We put up for shipment 

COTTON SEED MEAL 

In strong, loo-pound bags, and 

COTTON SEED HULLS 

In loo-pound compressed bales, and in bulk. 



These are the best and cheapest fattening- foods 
known ; 800 pounds of Cotton Seed Meal and 2400 
pounds of Hulls, at a cost, including labor of feeding, 
of about $10.00, bring a lean steer worth only f 20.00 
up to a fat beef in prime condition worth $50.00. 



Prices by the Ton or Car Load on Application. 

Arkansas Cotton Oil Conapany, 



LIXTLE ROCK. ARK. 



Ca.T.^H. J. Wilson 



WHOLESALE 



Cor. Scott and Second Sts., LITTLE ROCK, ARK. 

Till irlkiisii iif s@ri@s 

Offer for sale a large stock of 

ARKANSAS SEE D LING FRUIT TREES 

and other varieties mostly of Southern origin, that have been tested 
and found to be adapted to the soil and climate of the Cotton Belt. 

Also offer a limited number of the 

New So uthern Winter Apple, the "Tull," 

the only winter apple that will mature perfectly in the lowlands 
of the South. The most profitable apple for Southern planters. 

Send for catalogue and prices to 

C. B. DAVIDSON, Gen'l Agt., 212 W. Fifth St., Little Rock, Ark. 

A. D. SiAZKN, 
Real Estate Broker and Insurance Agency. 

GOVER.\MENT TITLES A SPECIALTY. 



PRAIRIE OR TIMBER LANDS. 

Have now for sale the B. Cramer Perfect Title Lands ; also the very desirable lands adjoining the 
city, owned by Revs. A. and M. Buerkle. Correspondence Solicited from Investors and Land Owners. 

Office. One Door South of Post Office, STUTTGAHT, Af^I^AflSflS. 

ARKANSAS BOOK # PAPER CO. 

Wholesale and Retail 

BOOKS, STATIONERY AND WALL PAPER. 

store and Office, T ITTT 17 DrtPIf II DV Warehouse, 

307 Main Street. LlllLCi KUI&, At(K. 1 1 1 & 1 1 3 E. Third St. 

The Leading House of the State. 

Eastern Prices Duplicated. 

Correspondence Solicited. 



CLINGMAN NURSERIES, 

A. K. CLINGMAN, Proprietor, 

HOMER AND KEITHVILLE, LOUISIANA. 

ESTABLISHED, 1873. 

SOUTHERN TREES 

FOR 

SOUTHERN PLANTERS 

Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Grape Vines, Ever- 
greens, Shrubs, Roses, Etc. 



We are the owners and introducers of the following valuable new varieties : 

YELLOW FOREST APPLE. 

Native and suited to the South ; color, clear yellow ; rich, 
aromatic, tender, juicy ; a long keeper. Trees healthy and productive. 



CLINGMAN'S MAY PEACH. 

The best large, very early, free stone peach. A boon to the 
South. Just what Southern planters have been looking for so long. 



LOUISIANA IRONCLAD CHERRY. 

Fruit large, dark red, grows in clusters, frequently twenty on a 
twig six inches long. Tree vigorous, hardy and very productive; 
succeeds where all others fail. Correspondence solicited. Special 
inducements to large planters. 

CAXALOQUES ON APPLICATION. 



Gleason's . Hotel, 




f\fT\(ir\Qai) plai}, 



-,»^_$2 to $2.50. 

EUROPEAN, 

i^oo/n $1 to $1.50. 

pipe Sample F^ooms, 

St(?am fleat. 

Corner Second and Louisiana, 
LITTLE ROCK, ARK- 



DUDLEY E. JONES COMPANY, 

LITTLE ROCK, ARK. 

DEALERS IN 

Machinery and Machinery Supphes, 

IRON AND WIRE FENCING. 



A Large 
Variety of 



Roofing, 




SewerlPipe,!^ 
Lime, Cement, 
I Plaster, Etc. 



MANUFACTURERS OF THE 



SAILOR COTTON ELEVATORS. 



JOHN 



rHJisirHJisifzjLsirHJisi 


Had some plowing to do, so 
he went to town and on the 
sign, over the door of the 


151 RJ 151 fell LSI fSJtSlR. 


leading dealer, he saw the 
word 



DEKRK 





He knew what that meant 


isirHJi5irHJL5iRJi5iraj 


and before long he came out 


is]faJi5irHJi5iraJi5i[2j 


with one of the 




OLD EELIABLE 



C. H. D. CULTIVATORS 



-AND A- 



PIvOW 



Send for Descriptive Circular, to 



DEERE & COMPANY, 

MOLINE, ILLINOIS. 



Kurnislned. with Fertilizer and. Corn Planter 
Attachments vv'hen Desired. 

We also make POTATO CUTTEKS, PARIS GREEN SPRINKLERS, 
POTATO DIGGERS, POTATO SORTERS, Etc. 




JVriie for our Free Illustrated Catalogue of Potato Machinery. 

flSPINWflLL niflNUFflCTURlHG CO., '•*S^Ih°''- 



H. J. GEORGE & CO. 



WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 




1 

201, 203 East Markhanj Street, LITTLE ROCK, pK. 

Are in a position to make 

CLOSE PRICES. 



BEFORE MAKING YOUR PURCHASES 



WRITE THEM FOR 



DELIVERED :• PRICES 



NEAREST •:• STATION. 



Correspondence solicited in 

GERMAN, POLISH, BOHEMIAN, 

FRENCH, ITALIAN OR SPANISH 

Languages. All Letters answered by return mail. 



"The Arkansas House," 

«-™ Printers, 
Binders, 
Stationers. 







CATALOGUE AND PAMPHLET 
WORK A SPECIALTY. 



Largest and Most Complete Print 

ing Establishment in the 

Southwest. 



CORRESPONDENCE INVITED. 



Address : 

Arkansas Democrat Co., 

Nos. 214 and 216 East Markham Street, 
Little Rock. 




Sole Agents for. 



f Buckeye Double-Acting Force Pumps. 
1 Oliver Chilled Plows. 



Our Specialties : 



Maninelle and Nebo Cook Stoves • Arkansas Chopper Axes. 

Our stock is the largest and our prices the lowest in Arkansas. 
Correspondence solicited and promptly answered. 



HEADQUARTERS SPORTSMEN'S SUPPLIES. 



iiiifusii mm$ iiiPiiif , 

THE ONLY EXCLUSIVE SPORTING HOUSE IN THE STATE. 

Agents for Winchester Repeating Arms Company, Marlin's Firearms Company, 
Parker Guns, Smith Guns, Chamberlin Cartridge Company, Austin and Hazard 
Powder Companies, Columbia Bicycles, A. G. Spalding & Bros. Sporting and 
Athletic Goods, Geo. Barnard's Hunting Clothing. 

Have the exclusive sale of the Layman Pneumatic Sporting Boat. Boxing Gloves, Striking Bags- 

We handle all the Black and Nitro loaded Shells. We have an experienced 

gun and locksmith, and solicit the most difficult repair work. 



BROWN'S IRON TONIC, 

WILL ENRICH THE BLOOD. 

Cures DYSPEPSIA and INDIGESTION, regulates the LIVER and KID- 
NEYS,— destroys the effects of MALARIA, removes habitual CONSTIPATION, 
increases the FLESH, and restores the HEALTH and VIGOR OF YOUTH. 

DOES NOT BLACKEN THE TEETH, 

And is the very best of all Tonics. Insist on having IRON TONIC. 



LINCOLN'S RHEUMATIC CURE 

[TAKEN INXERNALLV.] 

Cures RHEUMATISM in any form; a sure Specific for 

Rheumatic Gout, Sciatica and Lumbago. 

Three to Six bottles guaranteed to cure any case of Chronic Rheumatism. 
Give it a trial and be convinced. Prepared only by, 

C. J. LINCOLN COMPANY, 

LITTLE ROCK, ARK. 



THE UNION 




.IS QUEEN. 



^ 



Combining the de- 
sirable features of 
all other nial<es in 
one. 

It stands as the 
triumph of mechani- 
cal skill. 



We want dealers every- 
where and are prepared to 
o ffer Special inducements. 

We keep parts of all kinds 
of machines and the best 
Repair .Shop in the South- 
west. 

Correspondence Solicited. 

Union Manufacturing Co. 

W. S. HOLT, Mg'r, 
Little Rock, Ark. 



H EMPSTEAD R flUNTY, ARKANSAS. 

Good Homes. Good Lands. 

GOOD PEOPLE. 



Can accommodate One Thousand Families 
with First-class Farms 



Hempstead County is noted throughout Arkansas as being one of the 
best localities in the State for diversified farming and stock-raising. Its 
fruits, excepting apples, are not excelled by any county in the South. Lands 
can be obtained at reasonable prices and on good terms. 



Address 



F. P. HARKNESS, 

Real Estate Agent. WasWDgtOD, Hcmpstead Co., irtansas. 

^nr. l. f-xjwtsxoit, 



Statuapy, Headstones, Copings, Tombs, 
Fupniture Slabs and Plan:ibeps' Ctlork. 

Building Work of Every Description, of Alabama Lime Stone and Red Sand Stone, 
Everything in the Marble, Granite and Stone Line. 

Fine Work a Specialty. Correspondence Solicited. 

605 &. 607 Main St., LITTLE ROCK, ARK. 

Manufacturer of 

Seals, Hubber Stanxps, Stencils, £tc. 

OFFICE STATIONERY AND PRINTERS' SUPPLIES. 

118 Wesi Maikham St., I^ITIXU ROCK, ARK. 



VALUAB LE ASS ISTANCE. 

THE following Traveling and Passenger Agents of the Missouri Pacific 
Railway, " Iron Mountain Route," are constantly looking after the in- 
terests of the Line, and will call upon parties contemplating a trip, and will 
cheerfully furnish them lowest Rates of Fare, Land Pamphlets, Maps, Guides, etc. 

Or they may be addressed as follows: 
ATCHISON, KAN.— C. E. STYLES, Passenger and Ticket Agent. 
AUSTIN, TEX.— J. C. LEWIS, Traveling Passenger Agent. 
BOSTON, MASS.— LOUIS W. EWALD, New England Passenger Agent, 300 Washington St. 

CHATTANOOGA, TENN.— A. A. GALLAGHER, Southern Passenger Agent, 103 Read 
House. 

CHICAGO, ILL.— BISSELL WILSON, District Passenger Agent, 199 South Clark St, 

CINCINNATI, OHIO.— N. R. WARICK, District Passenger Agent, 131 Vine St. 

DKNVER, COL.— C. A. TRIPP, General Western Freight and Passenger Agent; E. E. 
HOFFMAN, Traveling Passenger Agent. 

HOT SPKINGS, ARK.— R. M. SMITH, Ticket Agent. 

IXDIANAPOLIS, IND — COKE ALEXANDER, District Passenger Agent, 7 Jackson Place. 

JACKSON, MICH.— H. D. ARMSTRONG, Traveling Passenger Agent. 

KANSAS CITY, MO.— J. H. LYON, Western Passenger Agent, 800 Main Street; E. S. 
JEWETT, Passenger and Ticket Agent, 800 Main Street; BENTON QUICK, Passenger and As- 
sistant Passenger Agent, 1048 Union Avenue. 

LEAVENWORTH, KAN.— J. N. JOERGER, Passenger and Ticket Agent. 

LINCOLN, NEB.— F. D. CORNELL, City Passenger and Ticket Agent; R. P. R. MILLAR, 
Freight and Ticket Agent. 

LITTLE ROCK, ARK.— AUGUST SUNDHOLM, Passenger and Ticket Agent. 

LOUISVILLE, KY.— R. T. G. MATTHEWS, Southern Traveling Agent, 304 West Main St. 

MEMPHIS, TENN H. D. WILSON, Passenger and Ticket Agent, 309 Main St.; J. E. 

REHLANDER, Traveling Passenger Agent, 309 Main St. 

NEW YORK CITY.— W. E. HOYT, General Eastern Passenger Agent, 391 Broadway ; J. P. 
McCANN, Traveling Passenger Agent, 391 Broadway. 

OMAHA, NEB J. O. PHILLIPPI, Assistant General Freight and Passenger Agent ; THOS. 

F. GODFREY, Passenger and Ticket Agent, Northeast corner 13th and Farnam Sts. ; S. D. 
BARNES, Traveling Passenger Agent, Northeast corner 13th and Farnam Sts. 

PITTSBURG, PA.-S. H. THOMPSON, Central Passenger Agent, 1119 Liberty St. 

PUEBLO, COL.— WM. HOGG, Commercial Freight and Ticket Agent. 

SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH.— S. V. DERRAH, Commercial Freight and Passenger .\gent, 
21 Morlan Block. 

SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.— A. J. DeRUSSY, General Pacific Coast Freight and Passenger 
Agent, 132 California St. 

ST. JOSEPH, MO.— F. P. WADE, Passenger and Ticket Agent. 

ST. LOUIS, MO.— A. A. HEARD, Assistant General Passenger and Ticket Agent; H. F. 
BERKLEY, City Ticket Agent, Northwest corner Broadway and Olive Sts.; H. LIHOU, Ticket 
Agent, Union Station; M. GRIFFIN, City Passenger Agent, Northwest corner Broadway and 
Olive Sts.; W. H. MORTON. Passenger and Emigration Agent, Union Station; J. C. 
NICHOLAS, General Baggage Agent, Union Station. 

WICHITA, KAN.-E. E. BLECKLEY, Passenger and Ticket Agent, 114 North Main St. 

Land seekers arriving at the Union Station, St. Louis, should call immediately on Mr. W. H. 
MORTON, Passenger Agent, Room 402, Union Station, who will assist them in securing tickets, 
checking baggage, shipping freight, and giving information in regard to lands, prices, terms, etc. 

W. B. DODDRIDGE, H. C. TOWNSEND, 

General Manager. Gen'l Passenger and Ticket Agt. 

ST. LOUIS. MO. 



• TTHE • 



Ipon Mouqlain I|ou(b 

WITH ITS LINES AND BRANCHES REACHES 

The Great Timber Districts, 

The Valuable Mineral Deposits, 

The Incomparable Fruit Lands, 

The Fine Grazing Territory, 

The Broad Corn and Cotton Fields, 
The Cheap Railway 

A.ND 

GOVERNPvlENT LANDS OF 

ARKANSAS 

4 DAILY TRAir^S 7i 

krom: sx. LOUIS. 1 

Solid Trains from Kansas City via Wagoner Route. 

W. B. DODDRIDGE, H. C. TOWNSEND, 

Gen'l Manager. Gen'l Pass. & Tkt. Act., Sr. Louis, Mo. 



ESTABLISH 



1853. 




FACTORY REPRESENTATIVES 



OF 



Hallet & Davis ^W. W. Kimball Companies 



ANNUAL CAPACITY 



9,000 Pianos 
20,000 Organs 



^ With these facihties, it is evident that our economic advan- 
ta^s are unequaled, and patrons are insured that our prices cannot 
be duplicated, if quaUty is considered. We carry an immense 
stock in our warerooms, displaying all the latest designs and 
beautiful cases, which afford customers the opportunity to make 
unlimited comparisons and suit their own taste 



S9 



^"^ 



PIANOS AND ORGANS BY MAIL 



We have complete catalogues, price-lists and circulars giving 
full information as to differences in style, finish, price and terms of 
payment which we will mail, free of charge, to any desired address. 
Parties ordering may be sure they will receive all the benefits a 
large stock and capable judges afford, and, if on examination, any 
instrument ordered is not entirely satisfactory, it may be returned 
at our expense. 

Send for catalogues, prices and terms, we will furnish all infor- 
mation asked for. 



Offices and Warerooms : 

317 Main Street. Little Rock. Ark. 
243 Wabash Avenue. Chicago. III. 
700 Harrison Avenue, Boston, Mass. 



Address, 



HollenDBrg music Co. 



LITTLE ROCK, ARK, 



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